Effects of fragmentation on density and population genetics of a threatened tree species in a biodiversity hotspot

Ganzhorn, S. M.; Perez‐Sweeney, Beatriz; Thomas, Wm. Wayt; Gaiotto, Fernanda Amato; Lewis, J. D.

doi:10.3354/esr00645

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Manilkara maxima , a tree species that naturally occurs in low-density populations (Ganzhorn et al 2015), is endemic to the southern Bahia, Brazil (Jardim 2003, Pennington 1990) region (Figure 1). This tree grows to 30 m in height with a diameter of 100 cm, and can be identified by the presence of latex, broad cuneiform leaves with abaxial, appressed, ferruginous indumentum, and solitary white flowers with six staminodes (Pennington 1990).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the reagents used for the PCR reactions can be found in Ganzhorn et al . (2015). The PCR amplifications were carried out on an Eppendorf Mastercycler Pro S thermocycler (Eppendorf North America, Haupauge, NY, USA) with the following conditions: 95°C for 2.5 min, 10 cycles at 95°C for 30 s, locus-specific annealing temperatures (Table 1), 64°C extension for 1 min, and then 30 cycles at 88°C for 30 s, locus-specific annealing temperatures (Table 1) and 64°C extension for 1 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial genetic structure ofManilkara maxima(Sapotaceae), a tree species from the Brazilian Atlantic forest

et al. 2015

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Abstract:Habitat fragmentation may lead to spatial genetic structuring of plant populations, but the magnitude of this effect differs among species. In this study, the effects of fragmentation on spatial genetic structure ofManilkara maxima, an ecologically important tree species endemic to the Atlantic forest of southern Bahia, Brazil, were examined. To address this issue, 222 individuals were sampled across two large-forest sites (200 and 400 ha) and one site comprising eight small fragments (5, 10 and 25 ha) roughly 35 y old. Five microsatellite loci were used. In general,M. maximaexhibited limited genetic structuring within and across the sites examined. At the landscape scale, genetic structure was not shaped by isolation by distance. Within individual sites, weak to moderate genetic structure was observed for both adults and saplings, which represented pre- and post-fragmentation, respectively. Sapling genetic structure did not clearly vary among the study sites, suggesting fragmentation has not affected spatial genetic structure. High levels of migration were observed, which would help maintain genetic connectivity. Taken together, these results suggestM. maxima, a long-lived tree that naturally occurs in low densities, may have limited spatial genetic structuring both within and across forest patches.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial genetic structure ofManilkara maxima(Sapotaceae), a tree species from the Brazilian Atlantic forest

et al. 2015

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“…Habitat degradation and fragmentation have direct effects on the viability of primate populations via the reduction of potential habitat (Link et al 2010 and the limitation of gene flow between isolated populations (Templeton et al 1990, Ganzhorn et al 2015, Mbora & McPeek 2015. At the same time, habitat degradation and fragmentation also influence the behavior and ecology of primates (see Marsh et al 2013 and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased folivory in brown spider monkeys Ateles hybridus living in a fragmented forest in Colombia

Luna¹,

Link²,

Montes³

et al. 2017

Endang. Species. Res.

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Brown spider monkeys Ateles hybridus are one of the most threatened primates in the Neotropics. Most of the remaining populations of this species already live either in forest fragments or in areas that face imminent anthropogenic disturbance. Understanding how these animals cope with the challenge of living in small fragments, while at the same time being a large, frugivorous mammal is crucial to design effective conservation and management strategies. We studied the diet of wild A. hybridus and measured forest productivity in a small (~65 ha) fragment in the Magdalena Region of northern Colombia over a period of 26 mo. Spider monkeys at this site spent far less time feeding on fruits than reported in previous studies of Ateles spp. living in less fragmented sites. Moreover, we registered a high consumption of leaves in every month (on average 37% of their feeding time) as well as the consistent inclusion of decayed wood in the diet. Ficus trees can be considered staple feeding items, as they were present in high proportions in the monkeys' diet throughout the study. Although wild populations of spider monkeys can have flexible diets that include large proportions of leaves over long periods of time, they may also be exposed to a suboptimal diet which may have negative implications for their reproduction and well-being in the long run, further compromising the viability of wild populations living in disturbed habitats.

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“…In theory, consequences of habitat loss at the intraspecific diversity level are the loss of genetic diversity and increased differentiation of populations, caused by genetic drift, inbreeding and isolation by distance, and increased differentiation of populations, but not all empirical studies confirm this (A. T. Kramer, Ison, Ashley, & Howe, 2008;Lesser, Parchman, & Jackson, 2013;Sampson et al, 2014). The different consequences of population fragmentation for species are caused by different life history traits such as, gene flow, dispersal strategy, mating system, degree of isolation, and tree density of populations (Bacles & Jump, 2011;Breed et al, 2015;Ganzhorn, Perez-Sweeney, Thomas, Gaiotto, & Lewis, 2015;Jacquemyn, De Meester, Jongejans, & Honnay, 2012;Kashimshetty, Pelikan, & Rogstad, 2015;Kettle, 2014;Sebbenn et al, 2008). Thus, it is not advisable to develop conservation strategies of genetic resources for a plant community based on results of one or few species only.…”

Section: Consequences Of Land-use Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Dominant Plant Species in Tropical Land-Use Systems in Sumatra, Indonesia

Breidenbach

Rahayu²,

Siregar

et al. 2018

Tropical Conservation Science

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Biodiversity hotspots like tropical lowland rainforests in Sumatra are threatened by the agricultural expansion, which increases the deforestation rate in Indonesia, which is highest worldwide. Main land-use change drivers in Indonesia include the production of rubber and palm oil, both of which lead to a high forest conversion rate. In the remaining and degraded forest patches, species diversity has declined and species composition has been altered. Effects of habitat fragmentation and land-use change on genetic structure were frequently investigated at the species level and compared across plant species, but not for plant communities. In addition, the effect of land-use change on the genetic structure of plants has not yet been investigated. Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism marker, the genetic diversity of 112 dominant plant species was assessed in four different land-use systems in Sumatra: old growth tropical lowland rainforest, jungle rubber, rubber plantation, and oil palm plantation. The four systems were investigated in two regions with four replicates, respectively. Because of different species compositions, characterized by different life history traits, forest and jungle rubber plots showed the highest diversity level, while oil palm and rubber plantations showed the lower diversity levels. The two intensively managed plantation systems showed similar genetic diversity levels as the tree dominated systems but are dominated by mainly alien species. This indicates that oil palm and rubber plantations could not be identified as habitats of conservational value. The newly introduced collection and analysis approach presents a universally applicable method to investigate different ecosystems in their plant genetic diversity to support the identification of habitats with high conservational value.

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Effects of fragmentation on density and population genetics of a threatened tree species in a biodiversity hotspot

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Spatial genetic structure ofManilkara maxima(Sapotaceae), a tree species from the Brazilian Atlantic forest

Spatial genetic structure ofManilkara maxima(Sapotaceae), a tree species from the Brazilian Atlantic forest

Increased folivory in brown spider monkeys Ateles hybridus living in a fragmented forest in Colombia

Genetic Diversity of Dominant Plant Species in Tropical Land-Use Systems in Sumatra, Indonesia

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