Effects of fracture fluid degradation on underground fracture dimensions and production increase

Rahim, Zillur; Holditch, Stephen A.

doi:10.1016/s0920-4105(02)00313-3

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…• The optimum treatment parameters obtained from this model are reasonable to be executed in the field. The relationship between power law parameters (n & K) and apparent viscosity is given 15,20 as: Based on optimum injection rate, the shear rate within the fracture near the wellbore can be calculated 20 by Eq. A-4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intelligent Hydraulic Fracture Optimization Model: A New Tool to Stimulate Low Permeable Oil Reservoir

Rahman

2006

SPE Asia Pacific Oil &Amp; Gas Conference and Exhibition

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe increasing demand for hydraulic fracturing to stimulate low-permeable reservoirs has lead to the use of various fracture optimization techniques to find optimum values of controllable design parameters. In case of inappropriate values of these parameters, many unexpected complexities may arise during treatments that lead to high treatment cost and low productivity. While recognizing the role of incompatible fracturing fluids and inappropriate execution of treatments, the role of inappropriate treatment optimization is not well investigated. To avoid complexities, one needs to solve a constrained model to screen out potentially problematic designs with the aid of an intelligent optimization algorithm, in contrast to the widely-followed conventional approach of unconstrained parametric optimization. This paper presents an integrated constrained model for treatment optimization to maximize production. The Model has incorporated many design constraints based on hydraulic fracture mechanics and industry experience, and the global optimization scheme is driven by an intelligent moving object algorithm. The design constraints relate fracture geometry and its growth, surface operational parameters, non-dimensional fracture conductivity, proppant number and proppant fall rate in the fracture. Successful viscosity scheduling of the fracturing fluid is particularly influenced by power-law parameters and shear rate in the fracture, which can be controlled by fluid preparation and controlled injection. These parameters are included in the free design variables in optimization work for the first time. A combined objective function is formulated to maximize production while simultaneously minimizing the treatment cost, and trade-offs between these two conflicting design objectives have been investigated. While applied this model to a low permeable oil reservoir to demonstrate its merits, an optimum treatment designed by this model has offered an incremental production by 100% and a treatment cost saving by 20% of their initial cost. Sensitivity results of various parameters also indicate the implication of design other than optimum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intelligent Hydraulic Fracture Optimization Model: A New Tool to Stimulate Low Permeable Oil Reservoir

Rahman

2006

SPE Asia Pacific Oil &Amp; Gas Conference and Exhibition

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“…data such as well logs are required in this simulator. This model has been applied in many practical cases [251,252,253].…”

Section: Pseudo 3d (P3d) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation

Chen

Dias

Sun

et al. 2021

Arch Computat Methods Eng

122

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Along with horizontal drilling techniques, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing has improved shale gas production significantly in past decades. In order to understand the mechanism of hydraulic fracturing and improve treatment designs, it is critical to conduct modelling to predict stimulated fractures. In this paper, related physical processes in hydraulic fracturing are firstly discussed and their effects on hydraulic fracturing processes are analysed. Then historical and state of the art numerical models for hydraulic fracturing are reviewed, to highlight the pros and cons of different numerical methods. Next, commercially available software for hydraulic fracturing design are discussed and key features are summarised. Finally, we draw conclusions from the previous discussions in relation to physics, method and applications and provide recommendations for further research.

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“…a / of fracturing fluid and the average shear rate (SR) inside the fracture are correlated as: The relationship between power law parameters (n and K) and apparent viscosity is given as (Smith, 1997;Rahim and Holditch, 2003):…”

Section: Fracture Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(7) (Rahim and Holditch, 2003). The shear rate at the fracture tip is considered zero, and shear rate within the fracture is then calculated as the average of this calculated shear rate and zero.…”

Section: Fracture Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constrained Hydraulic Fracture Optimization Improves Recovery from Low Permeable Oil Reservoirs

Rahman¹

2008

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmenta

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The petroleum industry needs cost-effective hydraulic fracturing technique to increase recovery from low permeable reservoirs. That leads to the widespread use of various fracture optimization methods to find optimum values of controllable treatment design parameters. Inappropriate values of these parameters cause uncontrolled fracture, resulting in unnecessarily high treatment cost and finally low productivity. Application of the designed treatment parameters obtained from many commercial tools may not be successful to the full extent, as the realistic design constraints are not well defined. Such wells invariably display poor post-frac productivity. While understanding the deficiency of these tools, this article presents a model integrating optimization tool with design constraints, design variables, fracture geometry, a production module, and a cost module. The effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing is highly dependent on successful viscosity scheduling of the fracturing fluid and is particularly influenced by fluid flow behavior index, consistency index, and shear rate in the fracture. These parameters are also included in the free design variables in this work for the first time. The integrated model demonstrates its merits with optimum treatment parameters while applying to a low permeable oil reservoir.

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Effects of fracture fluid degradation on underground fracture dimensions and production increase

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

An Intelligent Hydraulic Fracture Optimization Model: A New Tool to Stimulate Low Permeable Oil Reservoir

An Intelligent Hydraulic Fracture Optimization Model: A New Tool to Stimulate Low Permeable Oil Reservoir

A Review of Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation

Constrained Hydraulic Fracture Optimization Improves Recovery from Low Permeable Oil Reservoirs

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