Effects of fowl adenovirus infection on the immune system of chickens

Saifuddin, Md.; Wilks, C. R.

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(92)90004-e

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…24,34 In this study, FAV antigen-positive intranuclear inclusion bodies were rarely observed in the ileum or cecal tonsils. However, chickens that are inoculated with FAV-99ZH have no typical HPS or IBH lesions in the liver, epicardium, or other organs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in Commercial Broiler Chickens

et al. 2003

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Abstract. Pathologic and immunohistochemical changes caused by group I of the fowl adenovirus (FAV) serotype-1 99ZH strain, isolated from broiler chickens exhibiting gizzard erosion, were investigated in commercial broiler chickens. One hundred twenty-two chickens were inoculated with the strain by both oral and ocular routes at 1, 3, or 5 weeks of age and euthanatized for necropsy within 4-18 days of inoculation. Focal gizzard erosions were observed in the inoculated chickens of each age group. A histologically degenerative koilin layer, necrotic mucosa, intranuclear inclusion bodies in the glandular epithelial cells, inflammatory cell infiltrations in the lamina propria, submucosa, and a muscle layer were seen in the gizzards. Immunohistochemical staining showed evidence of FAV antigens in the intranuclear inclusion bodies. These findings were recognized regardless of their maternal antibody levels for FAV serotype-1. Gizzard lesions appeared later in the lower-dose-inoculated chickens than in the higher-dose-inoculated chickens. Numerous CD3-positive cells and IgY-positive plasma cells were seen in the gizzard lesions. In 5-week-old chickens the heterophil infiltrations in the lesions were milder than in younger chickens. Intranuclear inclusion bodies also were observed in the epithelial cells of the ileum or cecal tonsils of some chickens. Thus, this study shows that FAV-99ZH causes adenoviral gizzard erosion in broiler chickens without hepatic or pancreatic lesions and that cell infiltration is more severe than in dietary gizzard erosions.Key words: Adenovirus; broiler chickens; erosion; gizzard.Fowl adenovirus (FAV) is ubiquitous in chickens, as demonstrated by antibody surveys 11,41 and the high isolation rates of FAV in specimens taken from normal and sick birds. 3,19 FAV is associated with naturally occurring outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), 39 hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), 1 respiratory disease, 5 necrotizing pancreatitis, 32 or gizzard erosion.Gizzard erosions and ulcers in chickens have been associated with diets that are deficient in vitamin B 6 4 or with the ingestion of histamine, 14 gizzerosine, 26 and mycotoxins. 15 Gizzard erosions also have been observed at a high rate in the embryos and chicks of broilers. 36 However, several natural cases of gizzard erosion associated with FAV infection have been reported in layer chickens, broiler chickens, and quails in recent years. 2,10,25,37 Gizzard erosion has been observed in chickens inoculated with group I FAV serotype-8 and affected with hemorrhagic aplastic anemia syndrome. 12 In previous studies, however, the role played by FAV as a pathogen of gizzard erosion was not clearly established, because no viral examinations were conducted and because there were no adenoviral intranuclear inclusion bodies in the gizzard lesions. Some FAVs that had originally been isolated from either the proventriculus or a gastrointestinal pool of the tissues of broiler chickens caused gizzard erosions by experimental infection. 22 In our previous studi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in Commercial Broiler Chickens

et al. 2003

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“…Besides the liver, histological lesions such as atrophy and lymphocyte depletion in spleen and bursa of Fabricius were also severe. Saifuddin et al [16] reported field and experimental cases of IBH with severe depletion of lympocytes in the bursa, spleen, and thymus. Therefore, it was suggested that virus isolation was not attempted from these organs, however, histological lesions in spleen and bursa of Fabricius in the present study were produced by inoculated FAV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of Serotype 8 Fowl Adenovirus Isolated from Gizzard Erosions of Slaughtered Broiler Chickens

Okuda

Ono

Shibata

et al. 2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The pathogenicity of serotype 8 fowl adenovirus (FAV), isolated from gizzard erosions of slaughtered broiler chickens, was investigated. In experiment 1, 29 5-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were inoculated with the isolates of serotype 8 FAV, M013 (group 1) or G0054 (group 2) strain, via an oral route. There were no clinical signs in any of chickens after inoculation, and mild gizzard erosions were observed macroscopically and microscopically in three inoculated chickens of group 2. FAV was recovered f rom gizzards and rectums but was not recovered from pancreas and livers from chickens in both inoculated groups. In experiment 2, 27 1-day-old SPF chickens were inoculated with the G0054 strain by intramuscular route. Five, 6, and 3 inoculated chickens died on days 3, 4, and 5 postinoculation (PI), respectively. Four, 3, 1, and 1 inoculated chickens became moribund with severe clinical sign s such as ruffled feathers, severe depression and closed eyes from days 3 to 6 PI, respectively. Macroscopically, the common characterist ic of the gross lesions of dead chickens and euthanized moribund chickens was discoloration of liver. FAV was recovered from the gizzard, liver, pancreas and rectum. Virus titers in the liver and pancreas were high until day 6 PI. Histologically, necrotizing hepatitis an d pancreatitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the inoculated chickens. These results indicate that some strains of seroty pe 8 FAV are able to reproduce not only gizzard erosion by oral inoculation but inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) by intramuscular inoculation. KEY WORDS: gizzard erosion, inclusion body hepatitis, serotype 8 fowl adenovirus.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(12): 1561-1566, 2004 The pathogenicity of serotype 8 fowl adenoviruis (FAV) has been reported in field cases of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in chickens [7] as well as in experimental reproduction of IBH in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens [6]. Recently, serotype 8 FAV was isolated from gizzards exhibiting gizzard erosion in slaughterhouses [14]. In pervious reports, however, gizzard erosion was reproduced in SPF white leghorn chickens [9,11] and commercial broiler chickens [12] inoculated with serotype 1 FAV isolated from the gizzards of commercial broiler chickens exhibiting gizzard erosion. Moreover, most cases of gizzard erosion that have occurred frequently in slaughterhouses in Japan were caused by serotype 1 FAV infection [14]. Therefore, it was not clear whether or not serotype 8 FAV was the cause of gizzard erosion.The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of serotype 8 FAV isolated from eroded gizzard by inoculating SPF chickens with the isolates via oral and intramuscluar routes. MATERIALS AND METHODSVirus: Two isolates of FAV, isolated from gizzard erosions of slaughtered broiler chickens, were cloned three times by means of the terminal dilution method and designated as the M013 and G0054 strains. These strains were propagated in primary chicken kidney (CK) cells and used for chicke...

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“…The immunosuppressive influence of FAdVs has been observed in birds infected with virulent FAdV-8 strain (16). A correlation between a simultaneous adenovirus and herpesvirus infections and disease development was observed by Lappalainen et al (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of fowl adenovirus on replication of vaccine strain of Marek’s disease virus in chickens

Niczyporuk¹,

Woźniakowski

Samorek-Salamonowicz

et al. 2013

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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The aim of the study was to determine the effect of field strain, serotype 7 (FAdV-7 JN-5/10), of fowl adenovirus infection on the replication of Rispens/CVI988 strain of Marek's disease virus. Ninety one-day-old SPF chickens were divided into six groups. The chickens from group I were vaccinated against Marek's disease (MD) and 24 h later infected with the adenovirus; chickens from group II were vaccinated and infected simultaneously; chickens from group III were infected with the adenovirus and 24 h after the infection vaccinated against MD. The chickens from groups IV-VI were: control of infection (IV), control of vaccination (V), and neither vaccinated nor infected (VI). After 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d post infection, the number of copies of pp38 gene of Rispens strain and hexon gene of FAdV strain was determined in the bursa of Fabricius and liver using real-time PCR. The results indicated that in all cases the replication of Rispens strain was reduced to about 1.0 log 10 -3.5 log 10 in chickens infected with the adenovirus and vaccinated against MD compared with the chickens only vaccinated. Sixty-three one-day-old SPF chickens infected with adenovirus and vaccinated against MD were challenged with vv MD virus field strain. The protection index in this experiment was 55.6%-77.8%.

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Effects of fowl adenovirus infection on the immune system of chickens

Cited by 37 publications

References 16 publications

Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in Commercial Broiler Chickens

Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in Commercial Broiler Chickens

Pathogenicity of Serotype 8 Fowl Adenovirus Isolated from Gizzard Erosions of Slaughtered Broiler Chickens

Effect of fowl adenovirus on replication of vaccine strain of Marek’s disease virus in chickens

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