Effects of four commercial fungal formulations on mortality and sporulation in house flies (<i><scp>M</scp>usca domestica</i>) and stable flies (<i><scp>S</scp>tomoxys calcitrans</i>)

Weeks, Emma N.I.; Machtinger, Erika T.; Gezan, Salvador A.; Kaufman, Phillip E.; Geden, Christopher J.

doi:10.1111/mve.12201

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Commercial strains were chosen based on their availability and their effect on other organisms tested in previous studies (Weeks et al ., ). One strain of Beauveria bassiana and one strain of Metarhizium anisopliae were tested.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Auto‐dissemination of commercially available fungal pathogens in a laboratory assay for management of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Weeks

Allan

Gezan

et al. 2019

Medical Vet Entomology

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Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a canine tick that infests dogs throughout the world and is frequently found in homes and dog kennels. Management of this tick species is complicated by the presence of resistance to commonly utilized acaricides. Fungal formulations could provide a valuable alternative tool for management and are especially relevant indoors where detrimental environmental effects on fungal spores are of less concern. Two commercially available fungal formulations, one containing Metarhizium anisopliae and the other containing Beauveria bassiana, were compared for time to death and sporulation in nymphal ticks exposed for 60 min in treated filter paper packets. Beauveria bassiana exposure killed ticks faster than M. anisopliae exposure and B. bassiana was more likely to sporulate on tick cadavers than M. anisopliae.To determine whether infected ticks could disseminate fungus to their conspecifics, ticks were marked and treated with fungus before being placed with untreated ticks. Fungus was successfully transmitted from treated to untreated ticks. Mortality of ticks exposed to B. bassiana-exposed conspecifics occurred sooner than for those exposed to M. anisopliae-exposed conspecifics, indicating faster dissemination in the former. Therefore, although both formulations resulted in decreased longevity of ticks compared with the controls, the B. bassiana formulation holds the most promise for direct or indirect application with respect to brown dog tick management.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Auto‐dissemination of commercially available fungal pathogens in a laboratory assay for management of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Weeks

Allan

Gezan

et al. 2019

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…The first reported natural occurrence of B. bassiana in the house fly was in 1990 (11). Since then, many studies have been conducted on the attempted use of B. bassiana against house flies in laboratory and field experiments (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B. bassiana is deployed for house fly control in bait and spray forms (16,18) and can take up to 7 days, causing significant mortality (12). Some B. bassiana strains have been processed into commercial fungal formulations (16,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbacteriosis of the Intestinal Flora Is an Important Reason for the Death of Adult House Flies Caused by Beauveria bassiana

et al. 2021

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Beauveria bassiana is one of the most widespread insect pathogens and can be used in the biological control of agricultural, forestry and medical pests. The mechanisms by which B. bassiana leads to mortality in different host insects are also different. For house flies, B. bassiana has strong virulence, but its microecological mechanism is not clear. In this paper, the virulence of three strains of B. bassiana (TB, CB and BB) isolated from different hosts to house flies was studied. The results showed that the three strains of B. bassiana had strong pathogenicity to house fly adults. Specifically, TB was the strongest, CB was the second strongest, and BB was the weakest, with maximum lethal effects on house fly populations 5, 6, and 7 days after infection, respectively. Further study showed that the intestinal flora of house flies was disordered 3, 4, and 5 days after B. bassiana TB, CB and BB strain infection, respectively. Intestinal flora dysbacteriosis may be an important reason for the death of house flies caused by B. bassiana. After infection, the negative interaction ratio of bacteria in the house fly intestine decreased, and the stronger the virulence was, the lower the negative interaction ratio was. The time from B. bassiana infection to intestinal flora dysbacteriosis was not fixed. We named this period the “spring stage”. The stronger the virulence of the B. bassiana strain was, the shorter the “spring stage” was. Therefore, the “spring stage” can be used as a virulence marker for evaluating the pathogenicity of different B. bassiana strains.

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“…In houseflies, application of B. bassiana can cause significant mortality in 7 days. However, B. bassiana conidium formulation can effectively kill adult houseflies but with little effect on the larvae (maggots) (Watson et al, 1995;Weeks et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these fungi kill pests with little damage to crops and have been used as ecofriendly insecticides in the biological control of pests. Beauveria bassiana is a soilborne entomopathogenic fungus that can penetrate the cuticle and cause infections in various insects, including pine caterpillar, corn borer, thrips, whiteflies, aphids and planthopper ( Butt et al, 2016 ; Lu et al, 2016 ; Ishii et al, 2017 ; Weeks et al, 2017 ; Lee et al, 2019 ). B. bassiana plays an important role in pest control ( Blake and Bextine, 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Two Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains With Different Antifungal Activities

et al. 2020

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the plant rhizosphere has been widely used as an effective strain in biological control against plant disease. This bacterium promotes plant growth and protect plants against various phytopathogens through the production of phenazine metabolites. In this study, the strain P. aeruginosa Y12 with anti-Beauveria bassiana activity was isolated from the gut of housefly larvae. It was comparatively analyzed with the strain P. aeruginosa P18, which showed no anti-B. bassiana activity. Genomic and metabolomic methods were used to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the antimicrobial mechanism of Y12. After whole-genome resequencing of the two strains, a total of 7,087 non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs), 1079 insertions and deletions (InDels), 62 copy-number variations (CNVs) and 42 structural variations (SV) were found in both strains. We analyzed the differentially abundant metabolites between Y12 and P18, and identified six bioactive compounds that could be associated with the antimicrobial activity of Y12. Additionally, we found that, unlike other previously reported rhizospheric P. aeruginosa strains, Y12 could produce both phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) and pyocyanin (PYO) at significantly higher concentrations than P18. As B. bassiana is an effective biological insecticide that can cause high mortality in adult houseflies but has little effect on housefly larvae, we believe that P. aeruginosa Y12, identified in housefly larvae but not in adults, were beneficial for the development of housefly larvae and could protect them from B. bassiana infection through the production of toxic metabolites.

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Effects of four commercial fungal formulations on mortality and sporulation in house flies (Musca domestica) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans)

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Auto‐dissemination of commercially available fungal pathogens in a laboratory assay for management of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Auto‐dissemination of commercially available fungal pathogens in a laboratory assay for management of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Dysbacteriosis of the Intestinal Flora Is an Important Reason for the Death of Adult House Flies Caused by Beauveria bassiana

Comparative Genomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Two Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains With Different Antifungal Activities

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