Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Anger, Mood, and Vulnerability to Substance Use Among Inpatient Substance-Dependent Clients.

Lin, Wei-Fen; Mack, David; Enright, Robert; Krahn, Dean D.; Baskin, Thomas W.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.6.1114

Cited by 183 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Three research groups obtained significant reductions in depression scores following forgiveness interventions with depressed clinical samples (Freedman & Enright, 1996;Lin, Mack, Enright, Krahn, & Baskin, 2004;Reed & Enright, 2006).…”

Section: Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interpersonal-forgiveness requires abandoning negative judgments and associated negative affect associated with the wrongdoer and giving up any right to retribution by not seeking revenge or holding grudges. In these definitions, self-forgiveness is intropunitive in orientation whereas other forgiveness is extrapunitive.Self-and other-forgiveness are associated with better mental health and well-being in general and student population samples (e.g., Maltby, Macaskill, & Day, 2001;Macaskill, 2012).Three research groups obtained significant reductions in depression scores following forgiveness interventions with depressed clinical samples (Freedman & Enright, 1996;Lin, Mack, Enright, Krahn, & Baskin, 2004;Reed & Enright, 2006). …”

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confidence: 99%

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A feasibility study of psychological strengths and well-being assessment in individuals living with recurrent depression

Macaskill

2012

The Journal of Positive Psychology

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Current conceptualizations of mental illness focus on assessing psychopathology. A balanced approach would assess strengths that individuals bring to coping with illness. This study measures psychological strengths in individuals with recurrent depression, their coping strategies, and their perceptions of the usefulness of strengths assessment as a component of psychological assessment. Individuals (N =112) with recurrent depression completed an online questionnaire measuring strengths. A subset (n =10) completed a follow-up telephone interview. Higher levels of gratitude, self-forgiveness, hope, and spirituality and lower levels of optimism were indicative of higher life satisfaction. The predictors of happiness on the depression/ happiness scale were self-forgiveness, spirituality, and gratitude. Higher levels of hope and self-forgiveness predicted positive affect while lower levels of self-forgiveness predicted negative affect. Participants used a range of coping resources and they valued strengths assessment, seeing the two-continua model of mental health assessment as empowering. The researcher discusses implications for clinical practice.Keywords: recurrent depression; psychological strengths; life satisfaction; happiness; coping strategies; positive psychology Depression, coping and character strengths Current conceptualizations of mental health focus predominantly on the absence of psychopathology and the associated reduction in suffering. Although this approach has been fruitful in developing our understanding and treatment of psychological conditions, little attention has focused on fostering positive mental health (Seligman, 2005). Positive psychologists now argue that mental health is not just the absence of psychopathology but includes positive feelings of well-being ((Maddux, 2005;Maddux, Snyder, & Lopez, 2004;Keyes, 2002Keyes, , 2005Wright, 2002). This two continua model of mental health asserts that individuals can experience positive well-being concurrently with psychopathology (Keyes, Shmotkin, & Ryff, 2000;Westerhof & Keyes, 2010). The challenge for psychology is how to develop ways of improving well-being especially for those living with chronic psychological conditions. Researchers suggest that psychological strengths that the person brings to dealing with their condition should be assessed (Maddux, 2002;Maddux, Snyder, & Lopez, 2004;Wright, 2002). This would provide a more balanced approach to mental health assessment than the current pathology models but it could be difficult for patients to accept given their current socialization into the pathology model (Maddux, 2005). Strengthsfinder in an applied occupational or educational context conceptualizes strengths as talents, "as naturally recurring patterns of thought, feeling, or behavior that can be productively applied" (Hodges & Clifton, 2004, p. 257). The Gallup researchers used an inductive approach to develop the Strengthsfinder, conducting thousands of semi-structured personal interviews with top performers to identify the ta...

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Section: Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A feasibility study of psychological strengths and well-being assessment in individuals living with recurrent depression

Macaskill

2012

The Journal of Positive Psychology

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“…Furthermore, there is now some evidence indicating that positive interventions may not only be effective for reducing clinical symptoms in unselected populations, but they may be effective for reducing symptoms in clinical groups. In an inpatient sample of individuals with substance misuse problems, Lin et al (2004) found that forgiveness therapy was effective for reducing symptoms of anger, depression and anxiety.…”

Section: Symptoms Of Psychological Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Positive and Clinical Psychology: Viewing Human Functioning as Continua from Positive to Negative Can Benefit Clinical Assessment, Interventions and Understandings of Resilience

Johnson

Wood

2015

Cogn Ther Res

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In this review we argue in favour of further integration between the disciplines of positive and clinical psychology. We argue that most of the constructs studied by both positive and clinical psychology exist on continua ranging from positive to negative (e.g., gratitude to ingratitude, anxiety to calmness) and so it is meaningless to speak of one or other field studying the "positive" or the "negative". However, we highlight historical and cultural factors which have led positive and clinical psychologies to focus on different constructs; thus the difference between the fields is more due to the constructs of study rather than their being inherently "positive" or "negative". We argue that there is much benefit to clinical psychology of considering positive psychology constructs because; (a) constructs studied by positive psychology researchers can independently predict wellbeing when accounting for traditional clinical factors, both cross-sectionally and prospectively, (2) the constructs studied by positive psychologists can interact with risk factors to predict outcomes, thereby conferring resilience, (3) interventions that aim to increase movement towards the positive pole of well-being can be used encourage movement away from the negative pole, either in However, despite a clear alliance in these aims, there has been minimal work focused on integrating findings from these two literatures. In the present article, we argue that the large body of research conducted by positive psychological researchers represents an untapped resource for clinical psychologists, which could support clinical assessment and interventions with individuals with diagnosable disorders in practice.

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“…Problem substance users also have higher levels of anger than non-problem substance users (7), and it has been suggested that this may be a defence against the shame associated with substance misuse (8). Both anger and resentment have in turn been found to be negatively related to forgiveness (9,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Forgiveness, Shame, and Guilt in Recovery from Drug and Alcohol Problems

2013

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Background: People with drug and/or alcohol problems often experience feelings of shame and guilt, which have been associated with poorer recovery. Self-forgiveness has the potential to reduce these negative experiences. Methods: The current study tested theorized mediators (acceptance, conciliatory behavior, empathy) of the relationships between shame and guilt with self-forgiveness. A cross-sectional sample of 133 individuals (74.4% male) receiving residential treatment for substance abuse completed self-report measures of shame, guilt, self-forgiveness, and the mediators. Results: Consistent with previous research, guilt had a positive association with self-forgiveness, whereas shame was negatively associated with self-forgiveness. Acceptance mediated the guilt and self-forgiveness relationship and had an indirect effect on the shame and self-forgiveness relationship. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of targeting acceptance when trying to reduce the effects of shame and guilt on self-forgiveness. (61) 2 4221 4708, fax (61) 2 4221

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Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Anger, Mood, and Vulnerability to Substance Use Among Inpatient Substance-Dependent Clients.

Cited by 183 publications

References 38 publications

A feasibility study of psychological strengths and well-being assessment in individuals living with recurrent depression

A feasibility study of psychological strengths and well-being assessment in individuals living with recurrent depression

Integrating Positive and Clinical Psychology: Viewing Human Functioning as Continua from Positive to Negative Can Benefit Clinical Assessment, Interventions and Understandings of Resilience

Self-Forgiveness, Shame, and Guilt in Recovery from Drug and Alcohol Problems

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