Effects of forest fire on the level and distribution of PCDD/Fs and PAHs in soil

Kim, Eun-Jung; Oh, Jeong‐Eun; Chang, Yoon Seok

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00095-0

Cited by 190 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Th e greater loss of NH 3 -N in the biochar-plusurine treatment may have slowed the rate of NH 4 -N depletion at Day 20 by inhibiting nitrifi ers (Villaverde et al, 1997). Following pyrolysis of biomass and the formation of char, microbially toxic compounds (e.g., polyaromatic hydrocarbons) may reside on or in the char (Kim et al, 2003) and such compounds, or VOCs, can have bactericidal properties (Ward et al, 1997). Th e VOC analysis performed was only qualitative and did not determine the relative quantities of VOCs in the biochar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unweathered Wood Biochar Impact on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Bovine‐Urine‐Amended Pasture Soil

Clough

Bertram

Ray

et al. 2010

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

243

148

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Low‐temperature pyrolysis of biomass produces a product known as biochar The incorporation of this material into the soil has been advocated as a C sequestration method. Biochar also has the potential to influence the soil N cycle by altering nitrification rates and by adsorbing or NH3 Biochar can be incorporated into the soil during renovation of intensively managed pasture soils. These managed pastures are a significant source of N2O, a greenhouse gas, produced in ruminant urine patches. We hypothesized that biochar effects on the N cycle could reduce the soil inorganic‐N pool available for N2O‐producing mechanisms. A laboratory study was performed to examine the effect of biochar incorporation into soil (20 Mg ha−1) on N2O‐N and NH3–N fluxes, and inorganic‐N transformations, following the application of bovine urine (760 kg N ha−1). Treatments included controls (soil only and soil plus biochar), and two urine treatments (soil plus urine and soil plus biochar plus urine). Fluxes of N2O from the biochar plus urine treatment were generally higher than from urine alone during the first 30 d, but after 50 d there was no significant difference (P = 0.11) in terms of cumulative N2O‐N emitted as a percentage of the urine N applied during the 53‐d period; however, NH3–N fluxes were enhanced by approximately 3% of the N applied in the biochar plus urine treatment compared with the urine‐only treatment after 17 d. Soil inorganic‐N pools differed between treatments, with higher concentrations in the presence of biochar, indicative of lower rates of nitrification. The inorganic‐N pool available for N2O‐producing mechanisms was not reduced, however, by adding biochar.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unweathered Wood Biochar Impact on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Bovine‐Urine‐Amended Pasture Soil

Clough

Bertram

Ray

et al. 2010

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

243

148

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“…We did not locate any direct measurements of PAH emission from forest fires, but the previouslynoted study of Hays et al (2002) on open burning of foliar fuels found that PAHs constituted 0.2 to 2 g kg −1 of PM 2.5 (fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm) which itself was formed with an of EF of 15-35 g kg −1 . Kim et al (2003) measured changes in PAH concentrations in 0-5 cm soil after forest fires at three sites in Korea. On average, soil PAH concentrations (sum of the 16 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) priority PAHs, denoted 16PAH) were 1200, 200 and 300 µg kg −1 at one, five, and nine months after fire, compared to 50 µg kg −1 in control sites.…”

Section: Pahs From Forest Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black (pyrogenic) carbon: a synthesis of current knowledge and uncertainties with special consideration of boreal regions

2006

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“…They are primarily derived from the incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of organic substances and are produced through both natural and anthropogenic sources. Forest fires and volcanic eruptions (Kim et al, 2003) produce natural PAHs, whereas the burning of coal, wood, incense, candles, cigarettes, mosquito coils, household fuel, gasoline, diesel, and the use of cooking and industrial processes produce anthropogenic PAHs (Mastral and Callen, 2000;Bzdusek et al, 2004;Orecchio, 2011;Yang et al, 2012;Cheruiyot et al, 2015;Tiwari et al, 2015;Tsai et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2015). The following chemicals have been recognized as confirmed (1), probable (2A) and possible (2B) carcinogens for humans (IARC, 2016): benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (1), dibenz [a,h]anthracene (DBA) (2A), benzo [a]anthracene (BaA) (2B), chrysene (Chr) (2B), benzo [b]fluoranthene (BbF) (2B), benzo [k]fluoranthene (BkF) (2B), indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene (INP) (2B), and naphthalene (Nap) (2B).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics, Sources, and Health Risks of Atmospheric PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hsinchu, Taiwan

Yang

Hsu

Chen

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigated PM 2.5 -bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in order to determine the seasonal changes in total benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) concentrations and to identify contamination sources by using a positive matrix factorization model, a conditional probability function, and characteristic ratios of PAHs in Hsinchu. The sampling period was from September 2014 to August 2015. PM 2.5 samplers equipped with 47-mm quartz membrane filters were operated at a flow rate of 16.7 L min -1 for 48 h. The concentrations of 20 PAHs were determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results revealed the PM 2.5 , total PAHs, and BaPeq mass concentrations in the four seasons ranged from 4.91 to 58.5 µg m -3 , 0.21 to 8.08 ng m -3 , and 0.03 to 0.78 ng m -3 , respectively. The PM 2.5 , total PAHs, and BaPeq mass concentrations were in the order winter > autumn > spring > summer and exhibited significant seasonal variations. The carcinogenic potency of PAHs in winter was approximately 6.21 times higher than that in summer. The major BaPeq contributors were BaP, BbF, INP, and DBA. BaP accounted for 49.0% of BaPeq concentrations in PM 2.5 in all four seasons. The annual average lifetime excess cancer risk of PM 2.5 -bound PAHs (1.60 × 10 -5 ) was higher than that specified in the United States Environmental Protection Agency guidelines (10 -6 ). The two major sources were stationary emission sources and unburned petroleum and traffic emissions, which together accounted for 90.3% of PM 2.5 -bound PAHs.

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Effects of forest fire on the level and distribution of PCDD/Fs and PAHs in soil

Cited by 190 publications

References 31 publications

Unweathered Wood Biochar Impact on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Bovine‐Urine‐Amended Pasture Soil

Unweathered Wood Biochar Impact on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Bovine‐Urine‐Amended Pasture Soil

Black (pyrogenic) carbon: a synthesis of current knowledge and uncertainties with special consideration of boreal regions

Characteristics, Sources, and Health Risks of Atmospheric PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hsinchu, Taiwan

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