Effects of Forced Exercise on Two-Year-Old Holstein Heifers

Lamb, R.C.; Barker, B.O.; Anderson, M.J.; Walters, J.L.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(79)83498-0

Cited by 50 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Moreover, she (2) reported that a daily work-load during pregnancy resulted in significant changes of lipid metabolism in the liver and small intestine of the offspring. On the other hand, Lamb et al (9) investigated whether forced exercise in Holstein heifers is favorable for milk production or not. They found that exercise-load during pregnancy improved the ease of calving , hastened the postpar tum release of the placenta and resulted in the production of more milk .…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary exercise during pregnancy and lactation and its effect on lactational performance in mice.

Karasawa

Suwa

Kimura

1981

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe amount of voluntary exercise during pregnancy and lactation and its effect on the lactational performance in mice were investigated. Female mice were housed in exercise cages with treadwheels during periods of growth, pregnancy and lactation and the amounts of exercise were measured. It was observed that growing female mice exercised voluntarily at a level of approximately 5,000 rotations (diameter of treadwheel; 13.5cm) per day during the 4-week growth period. After conception, the amount of exercise gradually decreased and in late pregnancy running activity decreased markedly. Throughout the lac tational period dams exercised lightly. As indices of lactational perfor mance, the body weights of pups nursed in litters of 8, milk yield and cellular development of abdominal-inguinal mammary glands were exam ined. There were no significant differences in the final body weights of pups, milk yield per day or development of mammary glands between exercise and non-exercise groups. Key Words pregnancy, lactation, voluntary exercise, mammary glands, carcass composition, milk yield Pregnant women have a low level of physical activity. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the advisability of taking excercise during pregnancy and lactation. Parizkova (1, 2) reported that exercise during pregnancy affects the metabolic functions of pups after birth.In 1923, Wang (3) reported on voluntary running activity in female rats during pregnancy and lactational periods. He showed that pregnant and lactating rats exercised little, but did not study the effect of voluntary exercise on lactation and the outcome of pregnancy. On the other hand, the studies of Parizkova (1, 2) included forced exercise in pregnant rats and its effect on their offspring. However, the effect of exercise on the lactational performance was not investigated.

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Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary exercise during pregnancy and lactation and its effect on lactational performance in mice.

Karasawa

Suwa

Kimura

1981

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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“…Depending on management conditions, livestock are required to walk long distances. When walking is restricted (1-3 km/day), animal performance is generally not affected Lamb et al 1979;Gustafson et al 1993). However, under certain conditions (scarce or hilly pasture), the distances walked by livestock can be substantially greater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of walking stress on growth, physiological adaptability and endocrine responses in Malpura ewes in a semi-arid tropical environment

2011

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Sheep in hot semi-arid environments are mostly reared using extensive systems. In addition to thermal stress and feed scarcity, the animals need to walk long distances for grazing in this ecological zone. A study was conducted to assess the effect of long-distance walking on adaptive capability in terms of physiological, biochemical and endocrine responses in Malpura ewes. Fourteen adult Malpura non-pregnant ewes weighing between 33 and 35 kg were used in the study. The ewes were randomly allocated into two groups of seven animals each: GI (n = 7; Control), and GII (n = 7; walking stress). The animals were stall-fed with a diet consisting of 70% roughage and 30% concentrate. Both GI and GII ewes had uniform access to feed and water. The walking stress group (GII) ewes were made to walk 14 km in two spans between 0900 and 1500 hours with 1 h 30 min for each span (7 km) of walking. The ewes subjected to walking stress (GII) were prevented from grazing by applying a face mask made of cotton thread. The study was conducted for a period of two estrous cycles (35 days) during the autumn season (October-November). Physiological responses were recorded twice daily at 0800 and 1400 hours at weekly intervals. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at weekly intervals to study the effects of walking stress on blood biochemical and endocrine parameters. The results indicate that walking stress had significant (P < 0.05) influence on body weight, average daily gain, respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), plasma glucose, calcium, phosphorus, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), tri-iodo-thyronine (T(3)), thyroxin (T(4)), and cortisol. However, walking stress did not influence the reproductive hormone levels. The significant changes in RR, RT, plasma cortisol, T(3) and T(4) show that Malpura ewes have the capability to adapt to long-distance walking, and that adrenal and thyroid gland hormones play a significant role in such adaptation.

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“…When walking is restricted (I to 3 km/day), animal performances are generally not affected Lamb et al, 1979;Gustafson et al, 1993). However, under certain conditions (scarce or hilly pasture) the distances walked by dairy cows can be substantially greater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of walking on roughage intake and milk yield and composition of Montbéliarde and Tarentaise dairy cows

Coulon¹,

Pradel²

1997

Ann. Zootech.

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Summary — Twenty-eight multiparous cows (14 Tarentaises and 14 Montbeliardes) in mid-lactation were used in a changeover design with two periods. Throughout the trial, animals received a second cut cocksfoot hay ad libitum, complemented with a fixed amount of concentrate adapted to the milk production of each animal. The first day of each of the two 8-day periods, one of the two groups (seven cows of each breed) was subjected to a single walking of 12.8 km. During the following 24 h, walking incurred a drop in the quantities of forage ingested (-1.1 kg dry matter/day, P < 0.01) and in milk yield, which was greater (P < 0.05) in the Montb6liarde (-3.3 kg/day) than in the Tarentaise (-1.7 kg/day) cows. At the same time, fat content increased similarly in both breeds (+6 g/kg, P < 0.01). ). Protein content increased only in the Montbeliarde cows (+1.) g/kg, P < 0.1). In both breeds, milk cell counts rose significantly after walking (+600 000 cells/mL, P < 0.01), but no occurrence of clinical mastitis was observed. Walking provoked a rise in body temperature (+0.5 °C, P < 0.01 ) and in nonesterified fatty acids (+1.18 mM/L, P < 0.01) and glucose (+0.08 g/L, P < 0.01) plasma contents.

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Effects of Forced Exercise on Two-Year-Old Holstein Heifers

Cited by 50 publications

References 3 publications

Voluntary exercise during pregnancy and lactation and its effect on lactational performance in mice.

Voluntary exercise during pregnancy and lactation and its effect on lactational performance in mice.

Effect of walking stress on growth, physiological adaptability and endocrine responses in Malpura ewes in a semi-arid tropical environment

Effect of walking on roughage intake and milk yield and composition of Montbéliarde and Tarentaise dairy cows

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