Effects of foot orthosis on ground reaction forces and perception during short sprints in flat-footed athletes

Ng, Jun Wei; Chong, L.; Pan, Jing Wen; Lam, Wing-Kai; Ho, Malia; Kong, Pui Wah

doi:10.1080/15438627.2020.1755673

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Compared to the flat insole, the arch support significantly increased the COPV total during the FFCP and FFPOP of running ( Figure 4 ), affecting the weight shift and progression of gait ( Perry and Burnfield, 2010 ). The arch support has been shown to increase the propulsive force of running ( Ng et al, 2021 ), and this may explain why the COP advanced more rapidly after heel-off. As one prospective study showed that runners who developed overuse injuries had a lower COP velocity at forefoot flat event than healthy controls during running ( Ghani Zadeh Hesar et al, 2009 ), using an arch support may benefit runners at risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of arch support doses on the center of pressure and pressure distribution of running using statistical parametric mapping

Cheng

Zeng²,

Lai³

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Insoles with an arch support have been used to address biomechanical risk factors of running. However, the relationship between the dose of support and running biomechanics remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of changing arch support doses on the center of pressure (COP) and pressure mapping using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Nine arch support variations (3 heights * 3 widths) and a flat insole control were tested on fifteen healthy recreational runners using a 1-m Footscan pressure plate. The medial-lateral COP (COPML) coordinates and the total COP velocity (COPVtotal) were calculated throughout the entirety of stance. One-dimensional and two-dimensional SPM were performed to assess differences between the arch support and control conditions for time series of COP variables and pressure mapping at a pixel level, respectively. Two-way ANOVAs were performed to test the main effect of the arch support height and width, and their interaction on the peak values of the COPVtotal. The results showed that the COPVtotal during the forefoot contact and forefoot push off phases was increased by arch supports, while the COP medial-lateral coordinates remained unchanged. There was a dose-response effect of the arch support height on peak values of the COPVtotal, with a higher support increasing the first and third valleys but decreasing the third peak of the COPVtotal. Meanwhile, a higher arch support height shifted the peak pressure from the medial forefoot and rearfoot to the medial arch. It is concluded that changing arch support doses, primarily the height, systematically altered the COP velocities and peak plantar pressure at a pixel level during running. When assessing subtle modifications in the arch support, the COP velocity was a more sensitive variable than COP coordinates. SPM provides a high-resolution view of pressure comparisons, and is recommended for future insole/footwear investigations to better understand the underlying mechanisms and improve insole design.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of arch support doses on the center of pressure and pressure distribution of running using statistical parametric mapping

Cheng

Zeng²,

Lai³

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Ground reaction force was seldom used for orthosis evaluation, and we found no significant difference between the insole conditions in our study. Ng, et al [ 41 ] investigated the use of prefabricated foot orthosis in flatfooted athletes and found a significant increase in impact force and loading rate with the foot orthosis. The authors attributed the effects to the geometry and cushioning of the insole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Dimensional Printed Foot Orthosis for Flexible Flatfoot: An Exploratory Biomechanical Study on Arch Support Reinforcement and Undercut

et al. 2021

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The advancement of 3D printing and scanning technology enables the digitalization and customization of foot orthosis with better accuracy. However, customized insoles require rectification to direct control and/or correct foot deformity, particularly flatfoot. In this exploratory study, we aimed at two design rectification features (arch stiffness and arch height) using three sets of customized 3D-printed arch support insoles (R+U+, R+U−, and R−U+). The arch support stiffness could be with or without reinforcement (R+/−) and the arch height may or may not have an additional elevation, undercutting (U+/−), which were compared to the control (no insole). Ten collegiate participants (four males and six females) with flexible flatfoot were recruited for gait analysis on foot kinematics, vertical ground reaction force, and plantar pressure parameters. A randomized crossover trial was conducted on the four conditions and analyzed using the Friedman test with pairwise Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Compared to the control, there were significant increases in peak ankle dorsiflexion and peak pressure at the medial midfoot region, accompanied by a significant reduction in peak pressure at the hindfoot region for the insole conditions. In addition, the insoles tended to control hindfoot eversion and forefoot abduction though the effects were not significant. An insole with stronger support features (R+U+) did not necessarily produce more favorable outcomes, probably due to over-cutting or impingement. The outcome of this study provides additional data to assist the design rectification process. Future studies should consider a larger sample size with stratified flatfoot features and covariating ankle flexibility while incorporating more design features, particularly medial insole postings.

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“…Recent studies used the navicular drop measures as the criterion (e.g., the cue-off value of 10 mm) to classify flat-foot and normal-foot participants (Koh et al, 2020;Ng et al, 2021).…”

Section: Foot Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot Morphology and Running Gait Pattern between the Left and Right Limbs in Recreational Runners

Pan¹,

Ho²,

Loh³

et al. 2023

Physical Activity and Health

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Previous studies generally selected one foot to classify participants into groups with different foot types and then analyzed the running or walking biomechanics for one limb. Such approach may have neglected the possible differences in foot morphology and gait between two limbs. This study aimed to compare the foot morphological characteristics and running kinematics of the lower extremities between the left and right limbs among a group of healthy, asymptomatic runners. Forty-four participants [20 females, 24 males; age 25.1 (6.5) years old; height 167.2 (7.0) cm; body mass 62.8 (8.1) kg] were recruited. Foot morphological characteristics were measured for both feet, and bilateral running kinematics were analyzed with 2D video analysis. No significant between-limb differences were found in the foot dimensions, hallux valgus (bunion) angle, or navicular drop (all p > 0.05). On the other hand, several kinematic variables were significantly different between the left and right limbs during running, including the peak foot eversion (p = 0.014), peak knee flexion (p = 0.002), and peak hip adduction (p < 0.001). The results indicate that runners with similar morphological characteristics between the left and right feet can display betweenlimb gait asymmetry during running. Researchers and practitioners should be aware of the potential between-limb asymmetry in running kinematics and foot morphology. Future studies should avoid arbitrarily analyzing one limb to represent a runner's gait or foot morphology.

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Effects of foot orthosis on ground reaction forces and perception during short sprints in flat-footed athletes

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of arch support doses on the center of pressure and pressure distribution of running using statistical parametric mapping

Effects of arch support doses on the center of pressure and pressure distribution of running using statistical parametric mapping

A Three-Dimensional Printed Foot Orthosis for Flexible Flatfoot: An Exploratory Biomechanical Study on Arch Support Reinforcement and Undercut

Foot Morphology and Running Gait Pattern between the Left and Right Limbs in Recreational Runners

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