Effects of food on the absorption of theophylline in children

Bergamottin, lime juice, and red wine as inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3a4 activity: comparison with grapefruit juice,

“…Certain subjects showed “dose dumping.” This latter phenomenon has been neither described nor predicted for the extended‐release formulation of felodipine or for red wine to our knowledge. Dose dumping was originally observed with theophylline when administered in certain types of extended‐release tablets 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 . Normally, these formulations enable the drug to be well absorbed at a sufficiently slow rate.…”

“…Because extended‐release formulations generally contain the total daily dose of a drug (several doses of regular‐release medication), dose dumping has the potential to augment peak drug concentration markedly and to enhance the risk of toxicity. For theophylline, dose dumping occurred when certain extended‐release formulations were administered with a meal 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 . With some preparations, the composition of the meal (especially the fat content) appeared to influence the degree of the effect 31 .…”

“…Dose dumping was originally observed with theophylline when administered in certain types of extended-release tablets. [26][27][28][29][30][31] Normally, these formulations enable the drug to be well absorbed at a sufficiently slow rate. This can provide more stable plasma drug concentrations for longer dosing intervals than regular-release tablets and has the potential to improve drug efficacy, safety, and compliance.…”

Recommended strategies for the oral administration of paediatric medicines with food and drinks in the context of their biopharmaceutical properties: a review

“…Different food or drinks can have different effects on the paediatric medicine due to their properties, such as pH, osmolality and viscosity. For example, pudding and applesauce are both considered as a ‘soft food’, but they had a different effect on drug's absorption when mixed with the same drug . The possible effect of food or drinks on the biopharmaceutical characteristics of the medicinal product and on its acceptability, compatibility and stability should be studied.…”

“…The nature of the food utilised in common practice by carers in paediatric patients adds complexity to the extrapolation of the food effect from adults studies . Food effect can be different between paediatric and adult studies; for example, food effect was more marked in children compared to adults for sustained‐release theophylline formulations with bioavailability in the fed state being lower in children than in adults …”