Effects of Flywheel Resistance Training on Muscle Function and Sport-Specific Performance in Collegiate Club Water Polo Players

Xu, Jennifer; Thompson, Brennan J.; Spencer, Steven; Studenka, Breanna Erin; Bressel, Eadric

doi:10.1080/02701367.2021.1942417

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The participants were also not allowed to perform any lower-body resistance training during the study. The study took place during the competitive season where they were involved in 2–3 practices and an average of one water polo game per week [ 16 ]. The sample size was determined based on the sample sizes of prior Biodex PT reliability studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study was approved by the University Institutional Review Board (#9755; approved 29 January 2019) and all participants read and signed an informed consent document. This study uses a subset of the data collected in a previously published study [ 16 ], but the majority of the data herein was not reported previously and this study examines a different research question.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the field of human performance/exercise science, it is common for studies to employ research designs that include an intervention period that spans many weeks to months [ 15 , 16 ]. The commonality of such designs is because the field of study necessitates the substantial use of longitudinal designs that implement a myriad of treatments and interventions (e.g., exercise, nutrition, stretching programs, etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another common disparity in the research is the method for selecting and calculating the PT variable from the multiple trials usually performed. A common isokinetic testing protocol for assessing PT values on an isokinetic dynamometer uses a single set model where the subjects are typically warmed-up with concentric isokinetic contractions (often following a general warm-up), briefly familiarized and then perform 1 set (per velocity) of usually ~3–5 repetitions [ 2 , 6 , 13 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Although some studies have used a multiple set [ 4 , 20 ] testing scheme, it remains unknown as to whether the best testing protocol for determining one’s PT performance may involve more than a single set as a potential means to optimize best performance detection and reliability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further complicate the analysis, the best method for determining or selecting the PT value that best represents the person’s maximal strength is also varied and has not been well studied. For instance, PT has been reported as the single highest value of all sets/reps [ 4 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], as the mean of all values [ 13 , 17 ], and as some variation of dropping one or more values and averaging the rest of the values [ 2 , 22 , 23 ]. No consensus to date has been provided that offers investigators the most objectively superior procedures for determining how to design an optimal testing protocol and select the best PT value out of the multi-value output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isokinetic Dynamometer Leg Extensor Peak Torque Measurement: A Time-Delayed Reliability and Score Selection Analysis Study

Thompson

2023

JFMK

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The reliability of isokinetic peak torque (PT) has been reported mostly using a short-term (<~10 day) inter-trial testing time frame. However, many studies and programs utilize a long-term (several weeks to months) inter-trial testing period. Additionally, the methods by which the PT value is selected and reported from a multiple rep testing scheme have not been well investigated for both reliability and PT absolute performance comparisons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term reliability of isokinetic and isometric PT of the leg extensors with an emphasis on the differences among several PT score selection methods. Thirteen men and women (age = 19.5 years) underwent two testing trials separated by 28.8 (±1.8) days. Testing included maximal voluntary contractions of three sets of three reps for two isokinetic contraction conditions of 60 (Isok60) and 240 (Isok240) deg/s velocities, and three sets of one rep of isometric contractions for the leg extensors. The PT score was derived from seven different methods (see text for descriptions). Reliability as assessed from intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) varied widely across contraction conditions and PT score selection parameters. The Isok60 velocity overall had lower reliability (ICCs = 0.48–0.81) than Isok240 (0.77–0.87) across the conditions whereas the isometric PT variables showed moderate reliability (0.71–0.73). Overall the set 1 PT score selection parameters were generally lower (p ≤ 0.05) than those that involved sets two and three. Systematic error (p ≤ 0.05) was shown for 6 out of the 17 PT selection variables. On a subjective interpretation basis, when taking everything into account the best overall combination of time/trial efficiency, reliability, best/highest PT score parameter, and reduced risk of systematic bias appears to be the PT variable that uses the average of the highest two reps of the first two sets of three reps—i.e., averaging the highest two values of the six total reps from the first two sets.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Isokinetic Dynamometer Leg Extensor Peak Torque Measurement: A Time-Delayed Reliability and Score Selection Analysis Study

Thompson

2023

JFMK

Self Cite

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Effects of Progressive and Velocity-Based Autoregulatory Resistance Training on Lower-Limb Movement Ability in Taekwondo Athletes

Huang,

Dai,

Chen

et al. 2024

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

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Background: Both autoregulatory progressive resistance exercise (APRE) and velocity-based resistance training (VBRT) utilize real-time monitoring of athlete physical performance to adjust training loads to provide appropriate training stimuli. However, the monitoring and adjustment approaches differ between both methods. This study aimed to compare the effects of APRE and VBRT on the muscle strength, power, and agility of college taekwondo athletes. Hypothesis: Eight weeks of APRE and VBRT will promote similar results to strength gains in regards maximal strength, but VBRT will be superior to APRE in explosive power and agility. Study Design: Clinical trial. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Thirty taekwondo athletes were divided randomly into 2 groups (VBRT/APRE), and all participants completed an 8-week APRE/VBRT intervention. Maximum strength, explosive power, and agility performance were assessed during the squat 1-repetition maximum (1RM), countermovement jump (CMJ), drop jump (DJ), kicking strength test (KST), taekwondo-specific agility test (TSAT), and hexagon test (HT). Results: Highly significant time effects ( P < 0.01) were observed for squat 1RM, CMJ, and TSAT in both the APRE and VBRT groups. However, there were no significant group-by-time differences for any of the measured outcomes to intergroup ( P > 0.05), but APRE had a small effect size (ES) over VBRT for CMJ (ES = 0.48, [Formula: see text] = 0.06), TSAT (ES = 0.26, [Formula: see text] = 0.02), and HT (ES = 0.42, [Formula: see text] = 0.05). Conclusion: An 8-week autoregulatory APRE and VBRT can both effectively improve both the maximal strength, explosive power, and agility performance of taekwondo athletes, with APRE exhibiting potential advantages in improving CMJ, TSAT, and HT. Clinical Relevance: These results provide important insights into the selection of suitable resistance training programs by professional coaches, taking into account athlete needs, training efficiency, and safety considerations.

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Effects of single and repeated bouts of flywheel exercise on jump performance and muscle damage in athletes and non athletes

Shimizu,

Tsuchiya,

Ueda

et al. 2024

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Although recent studies have investigated the effects of flywheel (FW) training on muscle function, the effects of transient FW exercise on jump performance in athletes are unknown. This study examined the effects of single and repeated bouts of FW squat exercises on jump performance and muscle damage in male collegiate basketball players. Methods The participants were 10 healthy college-age men (nonathletes) and 11 male basketball players (athletes). The intervention involved 100 squat exercises (10 repetitions × 10 sets) using an FW device. To examine the repeated-bout effects, the protocol was conducted again after a 2-week interval. Squat jumps, countermovement jumps, drop jumps, and rebound jumps were evaluated as jump performance, while isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque in knee extension, muscle soreness, range of motion, thigh circumference, muscle thickness, and echo intensity were evaluated as markers of muscle damage. Measurements were taken at baseline, immediately after exercise, 24 h later, and 72 h later. Results The jump performance of nonathletes decreased after exercise (p < 0.05), while that of the athletes did not. The results were similar for muscle soreness. MVC torque decreased significantly after the first exercise in both groups (p < 0.05) and was significantly lower in the nonathletes versus athletes. Significant repeated-bout effects were found for muscle soreness in nonathletes but not athletes. Conclusions These results suggest that a single bout of FW exercise reduces jump performance in male nonathletes but not basketball players.

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Effects of Flywheel Resistance Training on Muscle Function and Sport-Specific Performance in Collegiate Club Water Polo Players

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Isokinetic Dynamometer Leg Extensor Peak Torque Measurement: A Time-Delayed Reliability and Score Selection Analysis Study

Isokinetic Dynamometer Leg Extensor Peak Torque Measurement: A Time-Delayed Reliability and Score Selection Analysis Study

Effects of Progressive and Velocity-Based Autoregulatory Resistance Training on Lower-Limb Movement Ability in Taekwondo Athletes

Effects of single and repeated bouts of flywheel exercise on jump performance and muscle damage in athletes and non athletes

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