Effects of fluoranthene on the fitness-related traits and antioxidative defense in Lymantria dispar L.

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effects of ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene, supplemented to an artificial diet, on the fitness-related traits and activity of midgut antioxidative enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and expression of their isoforms in the fifth-instar gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. Prolonged duration of development and reduced weight and relative growth rate were recorded in larvae reared on the diets supplemented with different concentrations of fluoranthene. SOD and CAT activities were significantly higher in the midguts of fluoranthene-treated larvae, compared to that of the control group. Different expression patterns were detected for SOD as well as for CAT isoforms, depending on the supplemented concentration of fluoranthene. Obtained results suggest that the activity of these enzymes in gypsy moth larvae may be used as biomarkers for assessing pollution, even at low concentrations of the pollutant.

Effect of fluoranthene on antioxidative defense in different tissues of Lymantria dispar and Euproctis chrysorrhoea larvae

“…The effects of fluoranthene have been studied in aquatic organisms, but examinations related to the impact on terrestrial insect species are scarce (Bach et al, 2005;Schuller et al, 2007;Baas et al, 2010). The acute toxicity in Daphnia magna following exposure to fluoranthene and UV light is thought to be due to production of singlet oxygen or free radicals (Wernersson and Dave, 1998), while induction of detoxifying enzymes in Aedes aegipty larvae (Poupardin et al, 2008) and increased activity of antioxidative enzymes in L. dispar larvae (Mrdaković et al, 2015) were shown to be responses to fluoranthene exposure. In the present study significant changes of antioxidative enzyme activity were for the first time recorded in whole midguts and midgut tissues (without the peritrophic membrane) of L. dispar and E. chrysorrhoea larvae exposed to dietary fluoranthene.…”

“…Alfani et al, 2001;Tian et al, 2008). In addition, our previous research on the effects of a wide range fluoranthene concentrations revealed the most prominent influence of the chosen concentrations (6.7 and 67 ng of fluoranthene) on larval mass, relative growth rate, and enzyme activities in gypsy moths (Mrdaković et al, 2015). The food supplemented with fluoranthene was prepared by mixing the HWG diet with fluoranthene dissolved in reagent-grade acetone.…”

Benzo[a]pyrene-induced changes in carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase and heat shock protein 70 of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) from unpolluted and polluted forests

“…This disruption of larval growth, which is apparently inconsistent with the applied B[a]P concentration, seems to be the characteristic response for this type of compound in L. dispar. Previous investigation of B[a]P and fluoranthene influence on L. dispar larval development and growth showed that mainly a lower concentration of these PAHs caused the greatest harm to larval fitness [15,40]. It is possible that the B[a] P mechanism of action resembles the class of compounds called endocrine disruptors (EDCs), which elicit reverse responses of different parameters as the concentration of disruptors increases, resulting in an U-shaped or inverted U-shaped curve [41].…”

“…In our previous studies of the physiological responses of L. dispar to various types of stressors, we observed significant changes in biochemical parameters, which points to their potential use as indicators of adverse environmental changes [12,13]. Many investigations have shown the negative effects of PAHs on insect development and reproduction [14,15]. L. dispar is an insect species that is a very suitable model system for this type of research, considering the uncomplicated manipulation of individuals in laboratory conditions, their short generation time, precisely defined developmental stages and well-known physiological processes.…”

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles SBA-15 loaded with emodin upregulate the antioxidative defense of Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.) larvae

“…The aim of this study was to examine the effects of EO and mesoporous nanosilica carrier SBA-15 loaded with EO on the antioxidative defenses, specifically superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR), in E. chrysorrhoea larvae. Lepidopteran larvae rely on these antioxidative enzymes and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), as well as on nonenzymatic cellular antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid, and others to counteract the free-radical cascade of oxygen (Perić-Mataruga et al, 1997Krishnan and Kodrík, 2006;Jena et al, 2013;Mirčić et al, 2013;Mrdaković et al, 2015;Renault et al, 2016). The superoxide radicals generated under oxidative stress are rapidly dismutated to hydrogen peroxide by SOD.…”