Effects of fluidized parameters on capture of heavy metal in various bed-material size distributions

Lin, Chong

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.07.015

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The Cu content was found to be higher than Pb on account of the lower volatility of Cu (Cu = 2562 °C and Pb = 1749 °C). Agreeing with Liu et al and Lin . that the volatilities of HMs are largely dependent on their respective boiling points, HMs with high volatiles had a lower propensity to be retained on the bed material.…”

Section: Heavy Metals In Mcwbssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Agreeing with Liu et al 111 and Lin. 112 that the volatilities of HMs are largely dependent on their respective boiling points, HMs with high volatiles had a lower propensity to be retained on the bed material. In summary, a lower temperature (500 °C), increased ER (0.3), increased gas velocity (U/U mf ), and smaller particle size (0.45 mm) improved gasification efficiency and HM (Cu and Pb) retentions in the bed materials.…”

Section: Distribution Of Hms During Gasification Of Mcwbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles of Heavy Metals during Pyrolysis and Gasification of Metal-Contaminated Waste Biomass: A Review

Raheem

Mangi

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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The presence of contaminates (i.e., heavy metals) in biomass through various sources (industrial activities and municipal solid waste) from its growth to end use has become a nuisance. Over the past years, biofuel production from metal-contaminated waste biomasses (MCWBs) has attracted more attention on account of the potential roles in addressing both energy and environmental concerns. This review considers the migration and transfer behaviors of heavy metals into various output streams, including solid products (i.e., biochar), tar and syngas from MCWBs, i.e., contaminated energy crops, plants, industrial wastes, and municipal solid waste, and using thermochemical processes (gasification and pyrolysis). In addition, the authors also shed light on the transfer mechanisms of heavy metals (however, the availability of the literature on the transfer mechanisms of heavy metals during thermal process is very limited) and usability of products (bio-oil, biochar, and syngas), including a comparison of gasification and pyrolysis processes in regard to the conversion of MCWBs into bioenergy. In the end, technoeconomic assessments and future perspectives are presented. This review will be helpful to promote future research and may aid in the scale-up of the current practices to visualize MCWBs as potential opportunities instead of nuisances.

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Section: Heavy Metals In Mcwbssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Distribution Of Hms During Gasification Of Mcwbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Heavy Metals during Pyrolysis and Gasification of Metal-Contaminated Waste Biomass: A Review

Raheem

Mangi

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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“…Previous studies reported that the combustion at a high-temperature fluidized bed reactor leads to sand bed attrition and decreased particle size (Lin and Wey 2004a). In fact, heavy metals absorption has strongly affected the particle size and the absorption efficiency varies depending on the specific surface area (Lin 2013). From the results of Lin and Yeh, a smaller particle has a larger specific surface area (Lin and Yeh 2010).…”

Section: The Effect Of Moisture Content On Btex and Pah Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of co-contaminated soil mixtures as fixed/fluidized bed media on pollutants emission under thermal treatment

Samaksaman

Kuo

Peng

et al. 2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Thermal treatment of soil polluted by lube oil and heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead) was carried out by using a laboratory-scale incinerator. The effect of co-contaminated soil mixtures as fixed/fluidized bed media was studied with different ratios of sand bed amount to soil feeding. Additionally, the effect of soil moisture content on incineration system was further investigated. The reduction in air input altered the mode of fluidized bed to fixed bed which resulted in an increase in organic pollutants such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The combustion efficiency of fixed bed mode was observed to be relatively high at a lower ratio of sand bed amount to soil feeding, whereas high combustion efficiency was found in fluidized bed mode at a higher ratio of sand bed amount to soil feeding. Much higher concentration of organic pollutants in both gas phase and bottom ash is found under a higher soil moisture content. In addition, the increase in moisture content has resulted in an increase in lead, cadmium, and chromium in fly ash while copper was decreased. An important consideration is that the partitioning of heavy metals was randomly distributed in particle sizes of bottom ash. The highest concentration of heavy metals was deposited on fine-sized particle. The distribution of heavy metals in medium-sized and coarse-sized particles to form eutectic species might be produced by the soil-sand aggregation.

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“…Furthermore, some heavy metals or compounds will volatilize into vapors under high temperatures, and heavy metals with high boiling points may also react with other species, producing highly volatile species (such as metal chlorides) that will leave the combustion zone with the exhaust gas. Lin [23,24] pointed out in his study on heavy metal entrapment by the bed material of a fluidized-bed that the distribution of a heavy metal during incineration is associated with the heavy metal's own element properties and boiling point. Metals with higher boiling points (such as Cr) mostly stay in the bottom ash, and heavy metals with higher volatilities (such as Cd) mostly form vapors and leave the combustion zone with the exhaust gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partition of Cu and Pb in a Two-Stage Fluidized-Bed Waste Gasification System

2019

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In this study, a two-stage fluidized-bed gasification system was used to determine the distribution of heavy metal contaminants in simulative waste and evaluate the effect of the bed operating temperature, Equivalence ratio (ER), and Steam/Biomass ratio (S/B) in stage 1. The heavy metal concentrations in bed materials and fly ash were measured in two stages. The results show that as the operating temperature of stage 1 increased, the quantity of heavy metals entrapped by stage 1 bed material decreased, while that captured by stage 2 bed material increased. The less volatile Cu was mostly entrapped in stage 1 bed material. The ER and S/B results show that increasing the ER and S/B caused a slight increase in the concentrations of heavy metals entrapped in stage 1 and stage 2 bed materials. However, the influences of ER and S/B were less than that of temperature. The major factors affecting the heavy metal distribution were the operating temperature and the heavy metal volatility. Stage 2 bed material was able to entrap gaseous heavy metals or particles containing heavy metals by particle filtration and chemical adsorption. Thus, the heavy metals (Cu and Pb) had a downward trend after passing through stage 2.

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Effects of fluidized parameters on capture of heavy metal in various bed-material size distributions

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Roles of Heavy Metals during Pyrolysis and Gasification of Metal-Contaminated Waste Biomass: A Review

Roles of Heavy Metals during Pyrolysis and Gasification of Metal-Contaminated Waste Biomass: A Review

Effect of co-contaminated soil mixtures as fixed/fluidized bed media on pollutants emission under thermal treatment

Partition of Cu and Pb in a Two-Stage Fluidized-Bed Waste Gasification System

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