Effects of Flower Bud Density on Vegetative and Reproductive Development and Carbohydrate Relations in Southern Highbush Blueberry

Maust, B.E.; Williamson, Jeffrey G.; Darnell, Rebecca L.

doi:10.21273/jashs.124.5.532

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This indicates that photosynthetic potential of sun exposed leaves from conventionally and severely pruned plants was operating below its maximum potential. The negative impact of low fruit load on leaf photosynthesis is consistent with observation on several fruit crops including fruit-bearing blueberry shoots (Maust et al, 1999). Because our photosynthetic lightresponse curves were assessed on leaves selected from fruiting shoots similar in vigour and fruit load, irrespective of treatment, we can suggest that a high light-saturated photosynthesis was driven by an enhanced assimilate export from these shoots for supplying carbon to the rest of the plant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Although, the effect of pruning on blueberry fruit weight has been already reported (Strick et al, 2003), an approach based on fruit load has been not widely used to explain differences in fruit quality under field conditions. On the other hand, reports involving the physiological effects of pruning on leaf gas exchange variables are scarce in blueberry (Maust et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pruning severity affects yield, fruit load and fruit and leaf traits of 'Brigitta' blueberry

Jorquera-Fontena

Alberdi

Franck

2014

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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Pruning is crucial to balance productivity and fruit quality in blueberry orchards. Slight, conventional and severe pruning treatments were applied on 4-and 5-year old bluberry plants cultivar 'Brigitta' to evaluate their effect on yield, leaf area, gas exchange and fruit load as driver of fruit quality traits. Yield and berries per plant decreased with increasing pruning severity, whereas canopy leaf area increased. The resulting fruit load ranged from 0.2 to 1.4 fruit per cm 2 leaf area. Fruit weight, dry matter, glucose and fructose were negatively related to fruit load, with fruit fresh weight decreasing to greater extent than sugars. Berry weight was restricted by source limitation during the initial cell division and initial cell enlargement fruit growth phases as indicated by decreased relative growth rate. Light-saturated photosynthetic rate diminished with increasing pruning severity indicating a sink limitation of photosynthesis. The strong association between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance shows a high corregulation in the response of carbon and water exchange to sink demand. Our results underline agronomic and physiological factors determining blueberry yield and fruit quality and can be useful for agro-technical management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pruning severity affects yield, fruit load and fruit and leaf traits of 'Brigitta' blueberry

Jorquera-Fontena

Alberdi

Franck

2014

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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“…Previous studies have shown that as flower bud density increases, the amount of vegetative budbreak and new shoot development decreases, resulting in a decrease in fruit size, as measured by fresh weight (FW) (Maust et al, 1999a). These effects of high flower bud density have been attributed to both an insufficient reserve carbohydrate supply, as well as a decrease in current assimilate supply due to reductions in leaf area and whole-canopy net CO 2 exchange rate (NCER) (Maust et al, 1999b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate Reserve Concentrations and Flower Bud Density Effects on Vegetative and Reproductive Development in Southern Highbush Blueberry

Maust¹,

Williamson²,

Darnell³

2000

jashs

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Vegetative budbreak, leaf area development, and fruit size in southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. interspecific hybrids) decrease as flower bud density increases. The effect on fruit size has been attributed to both insufficient carbohydrate reserves and reductions in current photoassimilates caused by decreased vegetative growth. Experiments were conducted with two southern highbush blueberry cultivars, `Misty' and `Sharpblue', to test the hypothesis that increased carbohydrate reserve concentrations can overcome the detrimental effects of high flower bud density by increasing vegetative budbreak, shoot development, and whole-canopy net CO2 exchange rate (NCER), which in turn will increase fruit size. Fully foliated plants were placed in greenhouses with either ambient (AMB) CO2 levels (≈360 μmol·mol-1) or enriched (ENR) CO2 levels (≈700 μmol·mol-1) for 38 d during fall. Plants were then moved outdoors, hand defoliated, and flower bud density (flower buds/cm cane length) adjusted to range from 0.07 to 0.31. Root starch and whole plant carbohydrate concentrations increased in ENR compared with AMB plants of both cultivars. Vegetative budbreak (number per centimeter cane length), leaf area, and whole-canopy NCER decreased as flower bud density increased in AMB and ENR plants of both cultivars; however, ENR `Sharpblue' plants had significantly greater vegetative growth and wholecanopy NCER at a given flower bud density compared with AMB `Sharpblue'. Concomitant with this was an increase in fruit fresh weight in ENR compared to AMB `Sharpblue'. This was not the case with `Misty', where vegetative development and fruit size were similar in ENR and AMB plants. Thus, the hypothesis that increased carbohydrate reserves will increase vegetative development and subsequent fruit size may be true only in certain cultivars of southern highbush blueberry. Alternatively, the increased carbohydrate reserve concentrations in ENR compared with AMB `Misty' plants may have been insufficient to affect subsequent vegetative or reproductive development.

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“…Recently, whole-canopy cuvettes have been used to study canopy gas exchange characteristics in response to varying crop loads in apple (Giuliani et al, 1997a;Wünsche et al, 1999) and blueberry (Vaccinium ×corymbosum sp.) (Maust et al, 1999) and mite infestation in apple (Lakso et al, 1996) and sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) (Breitkreutz et al, 1997). The advent of sizecontrolling rootstocks for sweet cherries (Callesen, 1998;Perry et al, 1997) sures of sweet cherry trees in relation to air flow rates, air delivery patterns, and canopy architectures, using a large cuvette (≈20 kL) in the high light/high temperature environment of the Yakima valley in eastern Washington.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Canopy Architecture and Cuvette Flow Patterns Influence Whole-canopy Net CO2 Exchange and Temperature in Sweet Cherry

Whiting¹,

Lang²

2001

HortSci

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To initiate photosynthetic studies of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) canopy architectures and cropping management under high light and temperature conditions (Yakima Valley, Wash.), we developed a whole-canopy research cuvette system with a variable airflow plenum that allowed different patterns of air delivery (in concentric circles around the trunk) into the cuvette. Air and leaf temperatures (Tair and Tleaf, respectively) were determined at four horizontal planes and four directional quadrants inside cuvette-enclosed canopies trained to a multiple leader/open-bush or a multiple leader/trellised palmette architecture. Air flow rate, air delivery pattern, and canopy architecture each influenced the whole-canopy temperature profile and net CO2 exchange rate (NCER) estimates based on CO2 differentials (inlet-outlet). In general, Tair and Tleaf were warmer (≈0 to 4 °C) in the palmette canopy and were negatively correlated with flow rate. The response of Tair and Tleaf to flow rate varied with canopy position and air delivery pattern. At a flow of 40 kL·min-1 (≈2 cuvette volume exchanges/min), mean Tair and Tleaf values were 2 to 3 °C warmer than ambient air temperature, and CO2 differentials were 15-20 μL·L-1. Tair and Tleaf were warmer than those in unenclosed canopies and increased with height in the canopy. Carbon differentials declined with increasing flow rate, and were greater in the palmette canopy and with a less dispersed (centralized) delivery. Dispersing inlet air delivery produced more consistent values of Tair and Tleaf in different canopy architectures. Such systematic factors must be taken into account when designing studies to compare the effects of tree architecture on whole-canopy photosynthesis.

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Effects of Flower Bud Density on Vegetative and Reproductive Development and Carbohydrate Relations in Southern Highbush Blueberry

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Pruning severity affects yield, fruit load and fruit and leaf traits of 'Brigitta' blueberry

Pruning severity affects yield, fruit load and fruit and leaf traits of 'Brigitta' blueberry

Carbohydrate Reserve Concentrations and Flower Bud Density Effects on Vegetative and Reproductive Development in Southern Highbush Blueberry

Canopy Architecture and Cuvette Flow Patterns Influence Whole-canopy Net CO2 Exchange and Temperature in Sweet Cherry

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