Effects of flowable resin on bond strength and gap formation in class I restorations

Effect of lining with a flowable composite on internal adaptation of direct composite restorations using all-in-one adhesive systems

“…The flowable composite lining must be in effect similar to the first increment of the incremental filling technique. The low-elasticity of the flowable composite is more effective to reduce shrinkage stress of the overlying composites which is an advantage in clinic 10,12) . The two-step self-etching system of SE and the three all-in-one adhesive systems of GP, OP and BF were used in the current study.…”

“…9) Several studies have shown that the incremental filling techniques ensure satisfactory polymerization of light-cured composite resins in deep preparations 7,10,11) . It was also reported that the use of a thin layer of a flowable composite resin as a lining beneath the bulk-filled hybrid composite could be an effective method for control of the stress and prevention of gap formation at the marginal area of the restoration 12,13) . In this regard, it was suggested that the lining with flowable composites might act as an elastic layer absorbing shrinkage stresses during polymerization shrinkage 12) .…”

Flexural Performance of Flowable versus Conventional Light-cured Composite Resins in a Long-term in vitro Study

“…Thus, the choice and use of an appropriate application technique, such as incremental filling technique, should be employed to provide better internal adaptation to the tooth structure 8,40) and to reduce polymerization shrinkage stresses. Another parameter that describes the flexural property is modulus of resilience.…”

“…This is because FCR easily flows into, adapts to, and fills the tooth surface, resulting in less leakage and hence less internal restorations with voids and post-operative sensitivity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . However, in restorations prepared by sandwich technique, gaps still exist between the FCR liner and the hybrid composite filling material 8) . Despite limited scientific information, FCRs are used in a wide range of applications 9,10) .…”

“…Nonetheless, dentists are uncertain and divided if FCR can be used as a complete restoration. This is because caution is already exercised on the amount of FCR to be used in posterior restorations to avoid problems arising from the poor mechanical properties of FCRs 8) . Meanwhile, owing to strong tides of continuous research development and high demand for FCRs, some manufacturers have ridden on the success of their CCR products and launched the FCR products.…”