Effects of floral resources on the efficacy of a primary parasitoid and a facultative hyperparasitoid

Miall, J.H.; Abram, Paul K.; Cappuccino, Naomi; Mason, Peter G.

doi:10.1111/jen.12608

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…We predicted that parasitism would be higher in the buckwheat plots than in the no-buckwheat plots because the increased nectar resources provided by the buckwheat plants would recruit more parasitoids and improve their fitness (see Berndt and Wratten 2005;Lee and Heimpel 2008;Miall et al 2019). Although there were sometimes significant differences in parasitism between buckwheat and no-buckwheat plots, for example, higher larval parasitism on uncaged, buckwheat + leek plots in 2016 (Fig.…”

Section: Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The leek moth culture for these experiments was maintained using methods described by Miall et al (2019) and housed in a climate-controlled rearing room at 25 ± 1 °C on a 16L:8D light cycle and 50 ± 10% relative humidity (RH).…”

Section: Leek Moth Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While we saw minimal effects of our pilot conservation biological control strategy in terms of greater mortality of leek moth with increasing floral resources, results from the life-table analysis indicate that increasing overall parasitism within this system is a worthwhile goal, as it greatly reduced estimated leek moth population growth rates, particularly when affecting the pupal stage (Table 2). Based in part on results from previous sugar and nectar resource-provisioning experiments in the greenhouse (Miall et al 2019), we originally predicted that the addition of buckwheat to leek plots in the field could differentially affect the two main (pupal) parasitoids known from our system, D. pulchellus and C. albifrons. In fact, we found that several other parasitoid species including the larval parasitoids Scambus calobatus and Habrobracon sp.…”

Section: Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to and following the reported successful overwintering of D. pulchellus (Mason et al 2013a, b), a native natural enemy, Conura albifrons (Walsh) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) was also found to be associated with the leek moth (Mason et al 2013a, b;Miall et al 2014Miall et al , 2019. This species has become a research focus due to its potential to limit the impact of D. pulchellus when post-release monitoring determined that it was increasingly prevalent in fieldcollected leek moth pupae (Mason et al 2013a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A conservation biological control approach could potentially help to recruit and enhance the impact of introduced and indigenous parasitoids such as D. pulchellus and C. albifrons, increasing leek moth mortality rates and decreasing population growth. Improved levels of parasitism were observed when flowering buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (Polygonaceae), which has floral nectar, and common vetch, Vicia sativa L. (Fabaceae), which has extrafloral nectar, were provided to both D. pulchellus and C. albifrons prior to and during exposures to leek moth pupae in a greenhouse cage experiment (Miall et al 2019). These results are encouraging from a conservation biological perspective; however, it is important to consider that an increase in leek moth mortality due to improved D. pulchellus parasitism could be offset if the food web is affected in such a way that C. albifrons acts principally as a hyperparasitoid of the biocontrol agent rather than as a primary parasitoid of the pest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addition of nectar sources affects a parasitoid community without improving pest suppression

et al. 2020

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A life-table approach was used to test the effect of adding flowering buckwheat to leek plots on mortality and estimated population growth of the invasive leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella. This approach was used to estimate the benefits of nectar provisioning on multiple members of the leek moth’s parasitoid complex, and the impact of parasitism on the pest’s predicted population growth rate. Addition of buckwheat to leek plots shifted the relative abundance of different larval and pupal parasitoid species but did not increase or decrease parasitism levels or their population-level impact on the leek moth. The life-table analysis demonstrated that parasitoids reduced the estimated population growth rate of the leek moth by up to 72%, which far exceeds similar estimates from its native range. Parasitoids found to contribute to leek moth mortality were Itoplectis conquisitor, Conura albifrons and the biological control agent Diadromus pulchellus. In addition, Gambrus ultimus, Scambus calobatus, and Habrobracon sp. are reported here developing on A. assectella for the first time. This study reinforces the hypothesis that the addition of nectar resources to agricultural systems may not have straightforward positive effects and can favour some natural enemies over others, but may not have any overall impact on pest suppression.

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Section: Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leek Moth Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addition of nectar sources affects a parasitoid community without improving pest suppression

et al. 2020

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Diet and Nutrition of Adult Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a Parasitoid of Filth Flies

Taylor

King

Burgess

2021

Environmental Entomology

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Most parasitoid wasps parasitize herbivorous insects, so nectar from flowers is readily available. However, parasitoid wasps are also an important component of the rich invertebrate communities at livestock facilities in large accumulations of manure, where flowers are largely absent. Little is known about adult parasitoid diet and nutrition in these communities. The present study examined this in Spalangia cameroni Perkins, a pupal parasitoid of filth flies. Like many parasitoid wasps, S. cameroni feed on host fluids, and in the laboratory readily feed on honey or a sucrose solution, which increases their longevity. Here adult longevity in the presence of six potential food sources, bovine manure, sorghum silage, bovine milk, buckwheat inflorescence (Polygonaceae), sweet alyssum inflorescence (Brassicaceae), or dandelion inflorescence (Asteraceae), was compared to that with water or honey. Only parasitoids given buckwheat lived as long as parasitoids given honey, and parasitoids given honey or buckwheat lived longer than parasitoids given water. Parasitoids readily ate buckwheat nectar, avoiding pollen grains. Diet affected the amount of free sugars, glycogen, and lipids in complex ways. Compared to parasitoids that were given just water, parasitoids with access to honey or sucrose had higher sugar and glycogen levels, but not detectably higher lipid levels. Access to buckwheat had no detectable effect on a parasitoid’s free sugar, glycogen, or lipid levels; however, then after 4 d with just water, sugar levels were lower and glycogen levels were higher compared to parasitoids that had been given access to only water the entire time.

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Influence of adult diet on fitness and reproductive traits of the egg parasitoid Anagrus virlai (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), a potential biocontrol agent against the corn leafhopper

Hill

Aguirre

Bruzzone

et al. 2020

J Applied Entomology

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Dalbulus maidis is the most important leafhopper pest of maize in the Americas. Anagrus virlai is an egg parasitoid commonly associated with the corn leafhopper. We evaluated whether the performance of A. virlai is dependent on different diets provided during 24 hr or throughout adult female lifetime. Additionally, functional response of A. virlai on D. maidis eggs using maize leaves containing honeydew plus honey was described. A. virlai is a mostly pro‐ovigenic autogenic species whose females are able to parasitize eggs immediately after emergence. We found that wasps oviposit the majority of their eggs in the first day of their adult life. Realized lifetime fecundity and lifetime potential fecundity did not differ significantly among treatments, but longevity and egg production increased when honey was added to diet. Data were consistent with an intermediate functional response between type II and III, but closer to type II, indicating a high parasitism rate at low host densities and a decrease in the oviposition rate at high host densities, due to a possible egg limitation. Our results suggest that carbohydrate food sources (honeydew and honey) might not be the factor limiting reproductive success during the first 24 hr. Food supply, however, might influence egg maturation and survivorship of wasps, thus potentially enhancing biological pest control when hosts are scarce in the course of the first few days of adulthood.

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Effects of floral resources on the efficacy of a primary parasitoid and a facultative hyperparasitoid

Cited by 6 publications

References 70 publications

Addition of nectar sources affects a parasitoid community without improving pest suppression

Addition of nectar sources affects a parasitoid community without improving pest suppression

Diet and Nutrition of Adult Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a Parasitoid of Filth Flies

Influence of adult diet on fitness and reproductive traits of the egg parasitoid Anagrus virlai (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), a potential biocontrol agent against the corn leafhopper

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