Effects of fish oil supplementation on glucose control and lipid levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Gao, Chao; Liu, Yang; Gan, Yong; Bao, Wei; Peng, Xiaolin; Xing, Qingbin; Gao, Huiyu; Lai, Jianqiang; Liu, Liegang; Wang, Zhu; Yang, Yuexin

doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01214-w

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Fish oil supplementation has been shown to improve endothelial function in children ( 24 , 41 ), which was consistent with the findings in adult populations ( 42 ). Moreover, our meta-analysis did not show a significant influence of fish oil supplementation on FPG in obese adolescents, which is consistent with previous findings in adult patients ( 36 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The TG-lowering efficacy of fish oil in obese children was consistent with the findings of previous studies in adult patients with various clinical conditions, such as diabetes ( 36 ) and end-stage kidney diseases ( 37 , 38 ). Besides, results of subgroup analyses showed that HDL-C in obese adolescents may be increased in studies with low-dose supplementation (fish oil ≤ 1,500 mg/day, EPA ≤ 1,000 mg/day) and in studies with longer treatment durations (>12 weeks), which has also been observed in previous studies including adult participants ( 36 – 38 ). In view of the role of HDL-C in attenuating atherosclerosis, these findings may highlight other mechanisms underlying the potential cardiometabolic benefits of fish oil in overweight or obese children and adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Pediatr.

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Background: Influences of fish oil supplementation on body weight and other cardiometabolic factors in overweight or obese children and adolescents remain not fully understood. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the role of fish oil for these children.Methods: Relevant studies were obtained by search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane's Library databases. A random-effect model, which incorporates the potential heterogeneity of the included studies, was used to pool the results.Results: Twelve RCTs including 1,028 overweight or obese children and adolescents were included. Compared to control, fish oil supplementation significantly reduced body mass index [BMI, mean difference (MD): −0.96 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.69 to −0.23, P = 0.01] but did not significantly reduce body weight or waist circumference (P = 0.68 and 0.76). Moreover, fish oil supplementation significantly reduced serum triglyceride (MD: −0.24 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.40 to −0.08, P = 0.004) but did not significantly affect serum total cholesterol and high-density or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.83, 0.42, and 0.31, respectively). Additionally, fish oil supplementation significantly lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP, MD: −2.46 mmHg, 95% CI: −4.93 to −0.01, P = 0.04) but did not significantly change diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.22). Supplementation with fish oil did not significantly affect fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.33).Conclusions: In overweight or obese children and adolescents, supplementation with fish oil could reduce BMI, decrease serum triglyceride, and lower SBP, while serum cholesterol and fasting glucose may not be significantly affected.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Pediatr.

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“…Treating both wild-type and Tg-15-LOX-1 mice with menhaden oil lowered blood glucose and serum triglyceride levels. These data in part agree with a recent meta-analysis of the effect of fish oil supplementation of patients with type 2 diabetes which has shown that fish oil supplementation leads to a favorable blood lipid profile but improvement in glucose control is controversial [29]. There have been reports of fish oil both improving and having no effect on insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Characterization of Mice Ubiquitously Overexpressing Human 15-Lipoxygenase-1: Effect of Diabetes on Peripheral Neuropathy and Treatment with Menhaden Oil

Coppey

Obrosov

Shevalye

et al. 2021

Journal of Diabetes Research

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To rigorously explore the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), we have created a transgenic mouse utilizing a Cre-lox promoter to control overexpression of human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1). In this study, we sought to determine the effect of treating type 2 diabetic wild-type mice and transgenic mice ubiquitously overexpressing 15-LOX-1 with menhaden oil on endpoints related to DPN. Wild-type and transgenic mice on a C57Bl/6J background were divided into three groups. Two of each of these groups were used to create a high-fat diet/streptozotocin model for type 2 diabetes. The remaining mice were control groups. Four weeks later, one set of diabetic mice from each group was treated with menhaden oil for twelve weeks and then evaluated using DPN-related endpoints. Studies were also performed using dorsal root ganglion neurons isolated from wild-type and transgenic mice. Wild-type and transgenic diabetic mice developed DPN as determined by slowing of nerve conduction velocity, decreased sensory nerve fibers in the skin and cornea, and impairment of thermal and mechanical sensitivity of the hindpaw compared to their respective control mice. Although not significant, there was a trend for the severity of these DPN-related deficits to be less in the diabetic transgenic mice compared to the diabetic wild-type mice. Treating diabetic wild-type and transgenic mice with menhaden oil improved the DPN-related endpoints with a trend for greater improvement or protection by menhaden oil observed in the diabetic transgenic mice. Treating dorsal root ganglion neurons with docosahexanoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid significantly increased neurite outgrowth with greater efficacy observed with neurons isolated from transgenic mice. Targeting pathways that will increase the production of the anti-inflammatory metabolites of omega-3 PUFA may be an efficacious approach to developing an effective treatment for DPN.

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“…Interestingly, a RCT of fish oil and/or probiotics supplementation to decrease the incidence of GDM in women with OWOB found no difference in birthweight or fetal growth [ 58 ]; however, the fish oil composition differ in that DHA, and not EPA, was the dominant fatty acid in their fish oil supplement. A higher ratio of EPA to DHA (as in our pilot trial) may be important in evaluating the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on pregnancy outcomes as this ratio may contribute to greater homeostasis in maternal glucose and lipid metabolism, with subsequent in-utero effects on offspring body composition [ 59 ]. It is noteworthy here that in our pilot study, we observed a significant change in EPA concentrations, and not in DHA, following supplementation likely due to our fish oil supplements containing a higher (1.5×) ratio of EPA relative DHA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation in Pregnant Women with Obesity on Newborn Body Composition, Growth and Length of Gestation: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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Maternal obesity, a state of chronic low-grade metabolic inflammation, is a growing health burden associated with offspring adiposity, abnormal fetal growth and prematurity, which are all linked to adverse offspring cardiometabolic health. Higher intake of anti-inflammatory omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in pregnancy has been associated with lower adiposity, higher birthweight and longer gestation. However, the effects of n-3 supplementation specifically in pregnant women with overweight and obesity (OWOB) have not been explored. We conducted a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial of 72 pregnant women with first trimester body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 to explore preliminary efficacy of n-3 supplementation. Participants were randomized to daily DHA plus EPA (2 g/d) or placebo (wheat germ oil) from 10–16 weeks gestation to delivery. Neonatal body composition, fetal growth and length of gestation were assessed. For the 48 dyads with outcome data, median (IQR) maternal BMI was 30.2 (28.2, 35.4) kg/m2. In sex-adjusted analyses, n-3 supplementation was associated with higher neonatal fat-free mass (β: 218 g; 95% CI 49, 387) but not with % body fat or fat mass. Birthweight for gestational age z-score (−0.17 ± 0.67 vs. −0.61 ± 0.61 SD unit, p = 0.02) was higher, and gestation longer (40 (38.5, 40.1) vs. 39 (38, 39.4) weeks, p = 0.02), in the treatment vs. placebo group. Supplementation with n-3 PUFA in women with OWOB led to higher lean mass accrual at birth as well as improved fetal growth and longer gestation. Larger well-powered trials of n-3 PUFA supplementation specifically in pregnant women with OWOB should be conducted to confirm these findings and explore the long-term impact on offspring obesity and cardiometabolic health.

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Effects of fish oil supplementation on glucose control and lipid levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 41 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Characterization of Mice Ubiquitously Overexpressing Human 15-Lipoxygenase-1: Effect of Diabetes on Peripheral Neuropathy and Treatment with Menhaden Oil

Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation in Pregnant Women with Obesity on Newborn Body Composition, Growth and Length of Gestation: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

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