Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Markers of the Metabolic Syndrome

Pedersen, Maiken Højgaard; Mølgaard, Christian; Hellgren, Lars; Lauritzen, Lotte

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.04.001

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…That FO supplementation only seems to exert an effect on plasma glucose among PPARG2 heterozygotes may explain why previous studies in humans have been unable to show an effect of FO on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. We found no effect of FO on glucose homeostasis and HOMA, which is in line with findings by Pedersen et al (2010) in teenage boys and findings from studies in adults (Egert et al 2008;Giacco et al 2007). In contrast, other studies in adults have observed improved insulin sensitivity as a consequence of fish intake or FO supplementation (Abete et al 2008;Ramel et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Further analysis of the data from this earlier study has revealed that the reduction in SBP was also only significant among boys (unpublished data). A lower SBP and DBP was also seen in teenage boys after supplementation with FO compared with vegetable oil for 16 weeks (Pedersen et al 2010), and numerous studies have demonstrated a BP lowering effect of FO in adults (Campbell et al 2013). The observed gender differences are interesting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects on metabolic markers are modified by PPARG2 and COX2 polymorphisms in infants randomized to fish oil

et al. 2014

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Long-chain n-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) improve blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile in adults and improve insulin sensitivity in rodents. We have previously shown that n-3 LCPUFA reduces BP and plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) in infants. Few studies have found effects on glucose homeostasis in humans. We explored possible effect modification by FADS, PPARG2, and COX2 genotypes to support potential effects of n-3 LCPUFA on metabolic markers in infants. Danish infants (133) were randomly allocated to daily supplementation with a teaspoon (*5 mL/day) of fish oil (FO) or sunflower oil (SO) from 9 to 18 months of age. Before and after the intervention, we assessed BP, erythrocyte n-3 LCPUFA, plasma lipid profile, insulin, and glucose in addition to functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in FADS, PPARG2, and COX2. At 18 months, plasma TAG was lower in the FO compared with SO group (p = 0.014). This effect was modified by PPARG2-Pro12Ala, as TAG only decreased among heterozygotes. FO supplemented PPARG2 Pro12Ala heterozygotes also had decreased plasma glucose compared with the SO group (p = 0.043). The effect of FO on mean arterial BP at 18 months was gender dependent (p = 0.020) and reduced in boys only (p = 0.028). Diastolic BP was, however, lower among all FO supplemented homozygous COX2-T8473C variant allele carriers compared with the SO group (p = 0.001). In conclusion, our results confirm that FO supplementation in late infancy reduces TAG and BP and indicates that the effects are mediated via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c and cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, FO reduced plasma glucose only in PPARG2 heterozygotes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects on metabolic markers are modified by PPARG2 and COX2 polymorphisms in infants randomized to fish oil

et al. 2014

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“…Another important explanatory variable could be the n-3 LCPUFA dose. The median EPA + DHA dose in this study was 1.1 g/d, which was sufficient to reduce blood pressure in our subjects, as earlier reported (23). Previous trials of n-3 LCPUFA on bone in adults have used both lower and higher doses (14,15,28).…”

Section: Fish Oil and Bone In Adolescent Boyssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…This was probably a result of the dietary counseling in both groups and did not result in differences between the groups at wk 16 (P = 0.18 by analysis of covariance). During the intervention, the subjects grew ~1.8 cm in height and gained ~2.0 kg in both groups (23). The cross-sectional analysis at wk 0 did not show any associations between erythrocyte DHA and BMC, BA or BMD, IGF-1, IGF-BP3, or IGF-1:IGF-BP3 ( Table 2).…”

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confidence: 92%

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The effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on bone formation and growth factors in adolescent boys

et al. 2012

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Development of botanical and fish oil standard reference materials for fatty acids

et al. 2013

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As part of a collaboration with the National Institutes of Health's Office of Dietary Supplements and the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3274 Botanical Oils Containing Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids and SRM 3275 Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Fish Oil. SRM 3274 consists of one ampoule of each of four seed oils (3274-1 Borage (Borago officinalis), 3274-2 Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis), 3274-3 Flax (Linium usitatissimum), and 3274-4 Perilla (Perilla frutescens)), and SRM 3275 consists of two ampoules of each of three fish oils (3275-1 a concentrate high in docosahexaenoic acid, 3275-2 an anchovy oil high in docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, and 3275-3 a concentrate containing 60% long-chain omega-3 fatty acids). Each oil has certified and reference mass fraction values for up to 20 fatty acids. The fatty acid mass fraction values are based on results from analyses using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These SRMs will complement other reference materials currently available with mass fractions for similar analytes and are part of a series of SRMs being developed for dietary supplements.

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Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Markers of the Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 54 publications

References 35 publications

Effects on metabolic markers are modified by PPARG2 and COX2 polymorphisms in infants randomized to fish oil

Effects on metabolic markers are modified by PPARG2 and COX2 polymorphisms in infants randomized to fish oil

The effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on bone formation and growth factors in adolescent boys

Development of botanical and fish oil standard reference materials for fatty acids

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