Effects of fish farming on growth, epiphytes and nutrient content of Focus vesiculosus L. in theÅland archipelago, northern Baltic Sea

Rönnberg, Olof; Ådjers, Kaj; Ruokolahti, Curt; Bondestam, Maria

doi:10.1016/0304-3770(92)90002-z

Cited by 65 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It remains therefore to be shown that the mechanism of co-consumption has relevance in nature and whether it was the underlying mechanism for the trend observed in our experiments where clean F. vesiculosus was obviously grazed less than F. vesiculosus with epiphytes. Perennial hosts, such as F. vesiculosus, suffer increasingly from shading by phytoplankton and epiphytes on many anthropogenically eutrophicated coasts (Rönnberg et al 1992). Grazing may act as a counterbalance to increased growth of ephemeral algae (Neckles et al 1993.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Southward & Southward 1978, Lubchenco 1982, 1983, Petraitis 1987, Williams 1990a, Worm & Chapman 1998, but interaction patterns can be complicated by epiphytic macroalgae growing on host seaweeds (D'Antonio 1985, Pavia et al 1999 or seagrasses (Williams & Ruckelshaus 1993, reviews, e.g., by Orth & van Montfrans 1984, Mazzalla et al 1992, Jernakoff et al 1996. Macroepiphytes have increased in abundance on many marine shores due to anthropogenic eutrophication (Rönnberg et al 1992, Philippart 1995, Wear et al 1999. Epiphytes are mainly believed to have a detrimental influence on the host's fitness because of competition for light (Neckles et al 1993, Short et al 1995, Cebrian et al 1999) and for CO 2 (Sand-Jensen 1977, Sand-Jensen et al 1985 or by enhancing drag (D'Antonio 1985) and decreasing the reproductive output of the host (Orth & van Montfrans 1984, D'Antonio 1985.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Co-consumption and protective coating: two new proposed effects of epiphytes on their macroalgal hosts in mesograzer-epiphyte-host interactions

Karez¹,

Engelbert²,

Sommer³

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multiple-choice feeding experiments were performed with the isopod Idotea granulosa and the amphipod Gammarus locusta as consumers. In a first experiment, 2 different types of tissues of the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus and its main macroepiphytes, Ulva lactuca and Elachista fucicola, were offered. I. granulosa rejected apices of F. vesiculosus and preferred E. fucicola, while G. locusta clearly preferred F. vesiculosus tissue, especially the meristematic apices. In a second experiment, F. vesiculosus tissue with and without E. fucicola was offered together. For I. granulosa, the consumption of F. vesiculosus was enhanced by the presence of the epiphyte, while for G. locusta there was no difference in consumed F. vesiculosus mass. G. locusta, however, showed behavioural rejection of E. fucicola, and thus, the epiphyte acted as 'protective coating'. We conclude that host (F. vesiculosus) tissue could be 'co-consumed' by mesograzers ( I. granulosa) that were attracted by the presence of epiphytes and that these epiphytes therefore may have a 2-fold negative effect on the host (i.e. competion for light, nutrients etc. and attraction of consumers). 'Co-consumption' and 'protective coating' add 2 more facets to the very variable and case-dependent interrelationships of mesograzer-epiphyte-host systems; their relevance in nature, however, remains to be demonstrated.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-consumption and protective coating: two new proposed effects of epiphytes on their macroalgal hosts in mesograzer-epiphyte-host interactions

Karez¹,

Engelbert²,

Sommer³

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, Worm et al (2001) found no influence of nutrient enrichment on adult individuals of F. vesiculosus, and Cronin and Hay (1996) found that growth of the brown alga Dictyota increased as a response to nutrient increment only under laboratory conditions but not in the field. Ro¨nnberg et al (1992) measured growth of F. vesiculosus in the Å land archipelago in the Baltic Sea, and concluded that fish farming as a nutrient source had no sub- stantial influence on bladder wrack growth or nutrient content.…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of growth and phlorotannins in Fucus vesiculosus to nutrient enrichment and herbivory

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Discharge from anthropogenic sources may modify both macroalgal growth patterns and resource allocation to carbon based secondary compounds, thereby affecting their susceptibility for herbivory. We tested the effect of eutrophication in terms of nutrient enhancement on growth and phlorotannin concentration of Fucus vesiculosus by conducting manipulative experiments in the field and mesocosms. In the field experiment we utilised fish farms as nutrient sources and in the mesocosm-experiment we manipulated ambient nutrient levels and occurrence of the herbivorous isopod Idotea baltica. Vicinity of a fish farm affected neither growth nor the phlorotannin concentration of Fucus but increased the amount of epiphytes growing on Fucus. Other organisms such as epiphytic filamentous algae and periphyton, which are more capable of quickly utilizing excess nutrients, may restrain the direct effects of nutrient enhancement on Fucus. In a manipulative mesocosm experiment, neither nutrient enrichment nor occurrence of herbivores affected phlorotannin concentration implying lack of induced defences, at least in terms of increasing phlorotannin concentration. Feeding of thallus decreased the growth rate of algae, but the number of reproductive organs, receptacles, was not affected by herbivory. The negative effect of herbivory on the amount of apical tips tended to be stronger under nutrient enriched conditions. We conclude that eutrophication processes, in terms of nutrient enrichment, does not have strong direct effect on growth or phlorotannin production of F. vesiculosus. However, there may be important indirect consequences. First, herbivory may be targeted more to apical parts of the thallus under eutrophicated conditions. Second, the result that Fucus growing close to nutrient sources were smaller than those in control areas may reflect differences in mortality schedules of algae between eutrophicated and control areas.

show abstract

“…Extensive areas of the coastal zone, especially estuarine and bay habitats, are now also used intensively for mariculture on most continents (Shaw 1969, Tenore et al 1985, van der Veer 1989, Pillay 1992. Mariculture activities in estuaries often overlap spatially with the distribution of SAV (Taylor 1954, Thomas & Duffy 1968, Ye et al 1991, Ronnberg et al 1992. While several studies have documented mariculture-induced changes to physical-chemical environments and fauna (Dahlback & Gunnarsson 1981, LaPointe et al 1981, Ottman & Sornin 1985, Tenore et al 1985, Brown et al 1987, Ritz et al 1989, Baudinet et al 1990, Tsutsumi et al 1991, Ye et al 1991, the effects of mariculture on SAV have received comparatively little study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oyster mariculture on submerged aquatic vegetation:an experimental test in a Pacific Northwest estuary

Ra¹,

Ruiz²,

Jt³

1995

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of commercial culture of oysters Crassostrea gigas, on submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), Zostera manna, were examined w~t h rephcated field expenments in the South Slough estuary Oregon USA Both stake and rack methods of oyster culture resulted In signlf~cant decreases in the abundance of SAV compared to undisturbed reference areas SAV cover in both stake and rack treatments was less than 25% of that In reference plots after 1 yr of culture, and was absent from rack treatments after 17 mo of culture Field experments using marked plants revealed no difference in growth between plants in stake and reference plots Compansons of sediment surface topography demonstrated that oyster culture resulted in significantly greater sediment deposition in stake plots and greater eroslon In rack plots Silt-clay fractions and carbon content of sediments tended to increase w~t h stake culture and decrease w~t h rack culture but only for carbon content at racks were the differences significant between culture and reference plots Stake culture likely affected SAV via increased sedimentation and direct physical disturbance dunng placement and harvest, while increased eroslon and perhaps shading resulted in the marked decrease in SAV co~ncident with rack culture These results indicate the potential for significant loss of SAV from estuanne ecosystems where these methods of oyster culture and SAV coincide

show abstract

Effects of fish farming on growth, epiphytes and nutrient content of Focus vesiculosus L. in theÅland archipelago, northern Baltic Sea

Cited by 65 publications

References 8 publications

Co-consumption and protective coating: two new proposed effects of epiphytes on their macroalgal hosts in mesograzer-epiphyte-host interactions

Co-consumption and protective coating: two new proposed effects of epiphytes on their macroalgal hosts in mesograzer-epiphyte-host interactions

Responses of growth and phlorotannins in Fucus vesiculosus to nutrient enrichment and herbivory

Effect of oyster mariculture on submerged aquatic vegetation:an experimental test in a Pacific Northwest estuary

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About