Effects of fires and biofractionation of carbon isotopes on results of radiocarbon dating of old textiles: the Shroud of Turin

Kouznetsov, Dmitrii; Иванов, А. А.; Veletsky, Pavel R.

doi:10.1006/jasc.1996.0009

Cited by 15 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In another result quoted in this paper, Kouznetsov et al (1995) state that for textiles subjected to the heat treatment described above, ''near IR spectra obtained from whole textile samples, subjected and not subjected to the gas/thermal treatment (FSM) indicates that the treatment introduced carboxyl groups into the molecular structure of the fibre (figure 2)'' and further ''it is evident from the relative abundance of ratios of glucose to carboxyglucose CZE fractions (figure 3) and corresponding molecular ions (figure 4), that about 20% of the glucose residues have been carboxylated''.…”

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confidence: 88%

“…We have attempted to reproduce the textile heating effect reported by Kouznetsov et al (1995), without success. Because of their conclusions and also because this work is clearly flawed in several respects, we feel it is important to comment both on their results and interpretations.…”

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confidence: 92%

“…They include a statement that 14 C is not distributed uniformly in flax, and that isotopic fractionation of 14 C relative to 13 C and 12 C occurs in some way different than accounted for by the usual equations employed by radiocarbon laboratories, discussed by Stuiver & Polach (1977). Kouznetsov et al (1995) have used results described in their paper to question the validity of radiocarbon measurements of textiles in general, and specifically to disparage results on the Shroud of Turin (Damon et al, 1989).…”

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confidence: 94%

“…n a paper published in this issue of Journal of Archaeological Science, Kouznetsov, Ivanov & Veletksy (1995) report on some 14 C results obtained by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on a linen textile (En Gedi, Israel) which was exposed to a relatively mild procedure of heating to 200 C for 90 min in air. They report that the 14 C age of the textile, which was originally dated as about 2195 55 years  was changed by 1400 years to about 800 years , under these conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Factors Affecting the Apparent Radiocarbon Age of Textiles: A Comment on “Effects of Fires and Biofractionation of Carbon Isotopes on Results of Radiocarbon Dating of Old Textiles: The Shroud of Turin”, by D. A. Kouznetsovet al.

Jull¹,

Donahue²,

Damon³

1996

Journal of Archaeological Science

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confidence: 88%

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confidence: 92%

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confidence: 94%

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confidence: 99%

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Factors Affecting the Apparent Radiocarbon Age of Textiles: A Comment on “Effects of Fires and Biofractionation of Carbon Isotopes on Results of Radiocarbon Dating of Old Textiles: The Shroud of Turin”, by D. A. Kouznetsovet al.

Jull¹,

Donahue²,

Damon³

1996

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…This concern was raised among other problems by Jull et al (1996) in their response to Kouznetsov et al (1996). It was found that "even if the carbon displacements proposed by the authors during the heat treatment were correct, no significant change in the measured radiocarbon age of the linen would occur.…”

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confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon and the Old World Archaeology: Shaping a Chronological Framework

Kuzmin¹

2009

Radiocarbon

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The inception of the radiocarbon dating method in 1949 was immediately supported by many archaeologists. In the following 2 decades, many important archaeological sites in the Old World were dated, marking the beginning of building a reliable chronological framework for prehistoric and early historic cultural complexes worldwide. The author presents an observation of some of the most important results in establishing a chronology for Old World archaeology, based on 14C dating performed in the last 50 yr. An extensive bibliography should help scholars to get acquainted with early summaries on archaeological chronologies based on 14C data and their evaluation, as well as with some recent examples of the application of 14C dating in Old World archaeology.

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Mass spectrometry and isotopes: A century of research and discussion

Budzikiewicz

Grigsby²

2005

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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In 1815, the British physician William Prout had advanced the theory that the molecular masses of elements were multiples of the mass of hydrogen. This "whole number rule" (and especially deviations from it) played an important role in the discussion whether elements could be mixtures of isotopes. F. Soddy's discovery (1910) that lead obtained by decay of uranium and of thorium differed in mass was considered a peculiarity of radioactive materials. The question of the existence of isotopes came up when the instruments developed by J.J. Thomson and by W. Wien to study cathode and canal rays by deflection in electric and magnetic fields were steadily improved. In 1913, Thomson mentioned a weak line at mass 22 accompanying the expected one at mass 20 when he analyzed the mass spectrum of neon. Subsequently Aston obtained the mass spectrum of chlorine with masses at 35 and 37. Still in 1921, Thomson objected heavily to the idea of isotopes. The isotope problem was finally settled, but more accurate mass measurements showed that even isotopic weights differed to some extent from the whole numbers. Based on earlier ideas of P. Langevin and J.-L. Costa, F.W. Aston and A.J. Dempster developed the idea of packing fractions and mass defects due to the transformation of a portion of the matter comprising the atomic nucleus into energy. While the determination of the exact isotopic masses had improved over the years, the accurate determination of isotopic abundances remained a problem as long as photographic recording was used. Here especially A.O. Nier pioneered using dual collectors and compensation measurements. This was the prerequisite for the discovery that isotopic ratios varied somewhat in nature. M. Dole discovered the fractionation of oxygen isotopes by photosynthesis and respiration. Today 13C/12C-ratios are employed to detect adulterations of food and in doping analysis, and 14C/13C-ratios obtained by accelerator mass spectrometry are used for dating historical objects, just to give some examples.

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Effects of fires and biofractionation of carbon isotopes on results of radiocarbon dating of old textiles: the Shroud of Turin

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Factors Affecting the Apparent Radiocarbon Age of Textiles: A Comment on “Effects of Fires and Biofractionation of Carbon Isotopes on Results of Radiocarbon Dating of Old Textiles: The Shroud of Turin”, by D. A. Kouznetsovet al.

Factors Affecting the Apparent Radiocarbon Age of Textiles: A Comment on “Effects of Fires and Biofractionation of Carbon Isotopes on Results of Radiocarbon Dating of Old Textiles: The Shroud of Turin”, by D. A. Kouznetsovet al.

Radiocarbon and the Old World Archaeology: Shaping a Chronological Framework

Mass spectrometry and isotopes: A century of research and discussion

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