Effects of fenvalerate on the early life stages of topsmelt (Atherinops Affinis)

Abstract

Flow‐through acute and early‐life‐stage (ELS) toxicity tests were conducted with topsmelt (Atherinops affinis), a Pacific coast saltwater fish, and fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. The 96‐h LC50 for juvenile fish was 0.66 μg/L. In the 30‐d ELS test with laboratory‐spawned embryos, average measured fenvalerate concentrations were nondetectable (>0.075 μg/L) in two control treatments, 0.14, 0.34, 0.82, 1.5, and 3.2 μg/L. Survival of embryos to hatching ranged from 94 to 100%, with no statistically significant differences among treatments. No fry survived exposure to fenvalerate concentrations ≥0.82 μg/L; overall survival in lower concentrations and control treatments ranged from 86 to 97%. There were no consistent concentration‐dependent differences in weight between fish in the carrier‐control treatment and fish exposed to fenvalerate. Mean wet weights of surviving fish ranged from 16.9 mg in 0.34 μg/L to 20.3 mg in 0.14 μg/L. The average bioconcentration factor for fish exposed to 0.14 and 0.34 μg fenvalerate per liter was 315.

Validation of otolith growth rate analysis using cadmium‐exposed larval topsmelt (Atherinops affinis)

“…In toxicity testing, growth typically has been measured as the final mean weight of fishes at the end of an exposure period [6]. The change in weight and length of individual fishes, which are more sensitive endpoints of growth than the final mean size, have been used in studies with postlarval fishes [7][8][9][10] but * To whom correspondence may be addressed (rosewl@hotmail.com).…”

“…In toxicity testing, growth typically has been measured as the final mean weight of fishes at the end of an exposure period [6]. The change in weight and length of individual fishes, which are more sensitive endpoints of growth than the final mean size, have been used in studies with postlarval fishes [7–10] but rarely with newly hatched larvae as a result of their frailty out of water. Whereas individual growth rate measurements are more informative than final mean weight or length, because they account for changes in growth over time, the growth rate often is not evaluated in toxicological studies.…”

Effects of Acute Exposure of Diazinon on the Ovarian Steroidogenesis in Chicken, Gallus gallus

“…This lethal effect of DZN may lead to the infertility in laying hens, thus economic lose and health impact. and various other environmental parameters (Johnson, 1968;Kingsbury and Kreutzweiser, 1987;Goodman et al, 1992).…”