Effects of Feeding Time on Nitrogen Capture by Lactating Dairy Cows Grazing Rye Pasture

Vaughan, Jeremy; Bertrand, J; Jenkins, T.C.; Pinkerton, B. W.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74191-x

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Some studies have improved nitrogen utilization efficiency in grazing dairy cows by altering the timing of concentrate supplementation (Vaughan et al . ; Trevaskis et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbage intake and ruminal digestion of dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture either in the morning or evening

Ueda

Mitani

Kondo

2015

Animal Science Journal

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This study aimed to clarify diurnal fluctuations of herbage intake, ruminal fermentation of herbage carbohydrates and proteins, and digesta particulate weight in the rumen of grazing dairy cows. Six ruminally cannulated, non-lactating dairy cows were grazed on perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture either in the morning (04.00 to 08.00 hours) or the evening (16.00 to 20.00 hours). Cows grazed in the evening spent more time (P < 0.01) and consumed more herbage (P < 0.01) compared with cows grazed in the morning. Higher (P < 0.05) daily mean concentrations of total volatile fatty acid, propionate and n-butyrate in rumen fluid were observed for cows grazed in the evening compared with cows grazed in the morning. Although cows grazed in the evening ingested more crude protein compared with cows grazed in the morning, no significant difference in NH3 -N concentration in rumen fluid was observed between them. The ratio of purine-derivative concentration to creatinine concentrations was higher (P < 0.01) in the urine of cows grazed in the evening than in cows grazed in the morning. These results clearly indicated that evening grazing was advantageous for dairy cows compared with morning grazing, in terms of ruminal fermentable energy intake and nitrogen utilization efficiency.

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“…Some studies have improved nitrogen utilization efficiency in grazing dairy cows by altering the timing of concentrate supplementation (Vaughan et al . ; Trevaskis et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbage intake and ruminal digestion of dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture either in the morning or evening

Ueda

Mitani

Kondo

2015

Animal Science Journal

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“…Furthermore, a period without access to feed before grazing will increase the rate of intake (Patterson et al, 1998). However, this effect is primarily observed immediately after start of the pasture period, and diminishes over the day (Patterson et al, 1998;Vaughan et al, 2002). Hernandez-Mendo and Leaver (2004) found that the intake rate during grazing decreased both with shorter and longer time at pasture compared with 10 h in a system with a combination of indoor ad libitum feeding and grazing for a restricted period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of time at pasture combined with restricted indoor feeding on production and behaviour in dairy cows

Kristensen¹,

Oudshoorn²,

Munksgaard³

et al. 2007

Animal

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Extremely high nutrient loads have been reported in grazed grassland regimes compared with cutting regimes in some dairy systems that include the use of supplemental feeding. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the effects on productivity and behaviour of high-yielding dairy cows with limited access to indoor feed and restriction in the time at pasture in a continuous stocking system. During a 6-week period from the start of the grazing season 2005, an experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of restrictive indoor feeding combined with limiting the time at pasture on the productivity and behaviour of high-yielding dairy cows (31.0^5.4 kg energy-corrected milk) in a system based on continuous stocking. The herd was split into three groups allocated to three treatments consisting of 4, 6.5 and 9 h at pasture, respectively. Each group of cows grazed in separate paddocks with three replicates and was separately housed in a cubicle system with slatted floor during the rest of the day. All cows were fed the same amount of supplement, adjusted daily to meet the ad libitum indoor intake of the cows at pasture for nine hours. The herbage allowance was 1650 kg dry matter (DM) per ha, and the intake of supplemental feed was 9.1 kg DM per cow daily. The limitation of the time at pasture to 4 h in combination with restrictive indoor feeding reduced the daily milk, fat and protein yield and live weight compared with 9 h of access to pasture. The proportion of time during which the cows were grazing while at pasture increased from 0.64 to 0.86 and the estimated herbage intake per h at pasture decreased from 2547 g DM to1398 g DM, when time at pasture changed from 4 to 9 h. It can be concluded, that in systems with a high herbage allowance, the cow was able to compensate for 0.8 of the reduction in time at pasture by increasing the proportion of time spent grazing and presumably also both the bite rate and mass, although the latter two have not been directly confirmed in the present study.

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“…Altering time of concentrate supplementation has been shown to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency in grazing dairy cows by synchronizing easily fermentable carbohydrate supply to herbage protein degradation in the rumen (Vaughan et al . ; Trevaskis et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have shown improved nitrogen utilization efficiency in grazing dairy cows by altering the time of carbohydrate supplementation (Vaughan et al . ; Trevaskis et al . ; Mitani et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of increased concentrate allotment before evening grazing on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and rumen fermentation in dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture

Ueda

Mitani

Kondo

2016

Animal Science Journal

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Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the effect of increased concentrate allotment before evening grazing on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. In experiment 1, nine lactating cows were grazed in the morning and evening sessions (2.5 h each). The cows were allocated to treatments of three concentrate allotment levels before the evening grazing session by altering proportions to daily total offered; 25%, 50% and 75%. Daily herbage dry matter intake quadratically decreased with increasing the concentrate allotment levels (P < 0.05). Nitrogen utilization was similar among treatments. To investigate diurnal changes in rumen fermentation, a second experiment was conducted where six ruminally cannulated non-lactating dairy cows grazed in the morning and evening sessions (3 h each) were subjected to the same treatments as experiment 1. Total volatile fatty acid concentration in the rumen linearly increased with increasing the concentrate allotment levels throughout the pre-evening grazing session to the post-morning grazing session (P < 0.01). The results indicate that dairy cows reduce daily herbage intake but do not alter nitrogen utilization with increasing concentrate allotment before evening grazing. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science.

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Effects of Feeding Time on Nitrogen Capture by Lactating Dairy Cows Grazing Rye Pasture

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Herbage intake and ruminal digestion of dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture either in the morning or evening

Herbage intake and ruminal digestion of dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture either in the morning or evening

Effect of time at pasture combined with restricted indoor feeding on production and behaviour in dairy cows

Effect of increased concentrate allotment before evening grazing on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and rumen fermentation in dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture

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