Effects of Feeding Sows Fat or Fructose during Late Gestation and Lactation3

Abstract

The effects of dietary fat or fructose supplementation during late gestation and lactation on sow milk production and composition and on progeny were examined. On d 88 of gestation, 24 sows were allotted by parity to three dietary treatments (eight sows/treatment). Treatments were 1) a 12.5% crude protein, corn-soybean meal control, 2) the control + 10% added fat or 3) the control + 23% high fructose corn syrup. All treatments were fed to supply 1.82 kg/d of the control diet from d 89 of gestation to parturition with sows in treatments 2 or 3 receiving .18 kg of additional fat or .53 kg of additional high fructose corn syrup, respectively. Feed was gradually increased from d 1 to 7 of lactation to 4.54 kg/d of the control diet (plus .45 kg of added fat and 1.33 kg of added fructose for treatments 2 and 3) and remained at these levels for the remainder of the 21 d lactation period. All treatments were iso-nitrogenous; treatments 2 and 3 were iso-caloric. Litter birth weights, number of pigs born alive, weaning weights and piglet survival rate were not affected by sow treatment. Stillbirths were less (P less than .05) for sows fed fat. Lipid content of milk 24 h post-farrowing was greater (P less than .05) from sows fed fat compared with sows fed fructose. Milk production estimates indicated that multiparous sows fed fat produced more (P less .05) milk than sows fed the control diet. On d 112 of gestation and d 15 of lactation, serial blood samples were drawn to monitor sow response to a glucose challenge (1 g/kg body weight).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of dietary fat inclusion at two energy levels on reproductive performance, milk compositions and blood profiles in lactating sows

“…The effect of feeding high-fat diets to sows during lactation on the growth rate of newborn piglets is inconsistent. Some researchers have reported increased weanling weights in response to dietary fat levels (Boyd et al, 1982;Shurson et al, 1986), whereas others did not find this effect (Kruse et al 1977;Coffey et al, 1987). These discrepancies may be due to the variations in length of feeding supplemental fat, amount of fat in the feed and its source, and initial inclusion time.…”

Fructose consumption during pregnancy and lactation induces fatty liver and glucose intolerance in rats

“…Energy needs for milk production are met through dietary energy and body tissue mobilization, therefore a lack of difference in body weight change for fructose-fed rats and reduced weaning weight of offspring suggests reduced milk production. Milk production and composition was not determined in response to fructose feeding in the present experiment however lactating multiparous sows fed fructose had reduced milk production and reduced milk fat percentage [49]. Therefore it is reasonable to assume that impaired growth in the suckling phase for offspring from fructose-fed rats is the result of a reduction in quantity of nutrients available from milk to support growth.…”

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effects of dietary glucose inclusion on reproductive performance, milk compositions and blood profiles in lactating sows

“…In this experiment, dietary inclusion of different glucose levels showed comparable litter performance of sows during lactation. Similarly, Coffey et al (1987) found that sows fed diet containing additional 23% high fructose corn syrup had similar litter performance as the control during lactation. van den Brand et al (2006) observed that addition of dextrose did not increase litter size, but seemed to increase the uniformity in birth weight of litter.…”

“…This might be explained that the energetic efficiency of milk synthesis from plasma glucose as precursors was high although the diets were isocaloric. However, Coffey et al (1987) found that the total lipid concentration was lower in sows fed fructose diet than that of control, whereas the milk production was comparable among the treatments. These discrepancies might be due to the differences in monosaccharide sources (glucose vs. fructose), amount or inclusive methods.…”

“…In most studies, supplemental energy has been supplied by carbohydrates (corn starch) to provide isocaloric treatments, and feeding carbohydrates has not altered sow body condition, milk production and composition, or resulted in an increased piglet survival rate (Coffey et al., 1987; Payne et al., 2004). In this study, feeding of isocaloric diets with different glucose levels did not affect the body weight of sows, whereas the loss of backfat thickness was decreased when extra glucose was added in the diets during lactation.…”