Effects of feeding raw or reconstituted high tannin red sorghum on nutrient utilisation and certain welfare parameters of broiler chickens

Abstract

1. A feeding trial was conducted on 360 1-d-old chicks from 0 to 6 weeks of age to assess the effect of processed high tannin red sorghum in the diet of broiler chickens on nutrient utilisation and certain welfare parameters. 2. Each of 9 dietary treatments was allotted to 4 groups (replicates) of chicks in a completely randomised design. The treatments were a maize-soy based standard broiler diet (control, RS(0)) and eight test diets formulated by incorporating either raw red sorghum (RS(25), RS(50), RS(75), RS(100)) or reconstituted red sorghum (RS(25)(R), RS(50)(R), RS(75)(R), RS(100)(R)) replacing 25, 50, 75 or 100% of maize from the control diet. 3. The tannin content was reduced from 23 to 16 g/kg in reconstituted red sorghum. 4. Utilisations of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus retention were similar in all the dietary groups. 5. The cell-mediated immune response measured as footpad index (FPI) value of birds given raw red sorghum was significantly higher than in control and reconstituted red sorghum groups. Similarly, comparatively better humoral response measured as HA titre value was observed in raw red sorghum based groups than in reconstituted ones. 6. Plasma albumin, globulin, protein, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, SGOT, SGPT and uric acid levels did not differ significantly due to dietary treatments. 7. Mild histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney tissues of birds given raw red sorghum. 8. From the present study, it is concluded that (1) the reconstitution of high tannin red sorghum resulted in about 30% reduction in its tannin concentration; (2) the feeding of reconstituted sorghum based diets to broiler chickens did not exert any appreciable influence on nutrient utilisation, blood biochemicals and enzymes and gross pathological changes; and (3) the birds fed on raw red sorghum exhibited higher immuno-responsiveness in comparison to their reconstituted counterparts.

Effect of condensed tannins supplementation through leaf meal mixture on voluntary feed intake, immune response and worm burden in Haemonchus contortus infected sheep

“…The serum of NC group did not alter any immunological response against H. contortus antigen throughout the experimental period. The specific IgG response is consistently associated with reduction of the helminth size and parasitic fecundity (Amarante et al 2005), by metabolic enzyme neutralization, interfering with the feeding (Schallig 2000) Present results are in accordance with the findings of Dutta et al (2012), who reported perceptible encouraging impact on growth, antioxidant status and humoral immune response in kids given diet containing 1-2 % CT. Kumar et al (2007) observed that the birds given tannins containing raw red sorghum exhibited higher humoral immune response assessed through HA titre. The role of tannins on immune response can be understood as flavonoids, tannins and micronutrients have been suggested to act as antioxidants and exert their antioxidant activity by scavenging the lipid peroxidation (Yuting et al 1990).…”

“…Increase in delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in response to thymus-dependent antigen revealed the stimulatory effect of PGFRP on T-cells and accessory cell types required for the expression of the reaction (Luster et al 1982). The birds given red sorghum (containing tannins) exhibited higher immunoresponsiveness than their reconstituted counterparts assessed through cellular (footpad index) immune response (Kumar et al 2007). Improved bio-availability of proteins has the potential to enhance the immune response and increase resistance to GIN (Min et al 2004).…”

Use of chemical treatments to reduce antinutritional effects of tannins in salseed meal: Effect on performance and digestive enzymes of broilers

“…Presence of tannins in the diets of chicken can reduce feed consumption (Armstrong et al, 1973;Marzo et al, 2002;Acamovic and Brooker, 2005), growth rate Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Livestock Science 116 (2008) 162 -170 www.elsevier.com/locate/livsci (Mohammed and Ahmed, 1987;Brufau et al, 1998;Choct and Hughes, 1999;Kumar et al, 2005) and digestibility of protein Aletor et al, 1994;Kumar et al, 2007). Pronounced pancreatic hypertrophy (Mahmood and Smithard, 1993;Mahmood et al, 1997) and depressed activities of pancreatic and intestinal enzymes (Yuste et al, 1992;Mahmood et al, 2006;Mansoori et al, 2007) were noticed in chicken fed diets containing tannins.…”

“…These associations which are generally viewed as effects of tannins give rise to an important practical question: can ways be found to eliminate or at least ameliorate their antinutritional effects? Several workers have reported beneficial effects of chemical (Mohammed and Ahmed, 1987;Ahmed et al, 1991;Farran et al, 2001) and thermo-mechanical (Carmen et al, 1999;Viveros et al, 2001;Arija et al, 2006;Kumar et al, 2007;Emiola et al, 2007) treatments on antinutritional effects of tannins in legume seeds. However, these studies have mostly been rather empirical and they rely almost entirely on chemical analysis of tannins, serum chemistry, and performance as the critical measurement.…”

Blood Parameters, Digestive Organ Size and Intestinal Microflora of Broiler Chicks Fed Sorghum as Partial Substitute of Corn

“…The dietary treatments did not affect (P>0.05) plasma enzymes (AP, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH or CK) values ( Table 2) and shown that dietary sorghum had no negative effects on biomarkers of liver and kidney function. Kumar et al (2007) suggested that feeding sorghum based diets to broiler chickens did not significantly affect nutrient utilisation, blood biochemicals profile and enzymes, and also, did not cause pathological changes in organs tissues (liver and kidney).…”