Effects of Feeding Rate and Frequency on the Winter Growth and Body Composition of Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Abstract

Two 15-week feeding trials were conducted to investigate how the rate and frequency of feeding affected the winter growth of olive flounder (13℃). In the first experiment, triplicate groups of fish (initial mean weight 117±6.0 g) were fed extruded pellets twice a day at feeding rates of 0.1, 0.25, 0.4, 0.55, and 0.57% (satiation) body weight per day (BW/d). The weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency increased significantly (P<0.05) with the feeding rates from 0.1 to 0.55% BW/d, but no significant differences in these parameters were found for fish fed diets of 0.55% BW/d and satiation. The moisture and ash contents of whole body of fish tended to decrease as the feeding rate increased, but the opposite trend was found for crude lipid content. In the second experiment, triplicate groups of fish (initial mean weight 117±6.3 g) were fed extruded pellets to apparent satiation at the three different feeding frequencies: one meal 2 days, one meal a day and two meals a day. The weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed one meal 2 days were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of fish fed one or two meals a day, whereas no significant differences in the weight gain and specific growth rate were found between fish fed one and those fed two meals a day. Feed efficiency and condition factor were not significantly affected by feeding frequency. Based on these results, a feeding rate of 0.3% BW/d is recommended as maintenance feeding level, and the optimum feeding frequency is one meal a day with satiation feeding for the growth of olive flounder (117-147 g) during winter (13℃).

Effect of Intermittent Feeding on Growth, Feed Utilization and Body Composition of Subadult Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Suboptimal Temperature

“…Consequently, surplus food either deteriorated or did not improve weight gains and feed efficiency (Brett et al, 1969;Andrews and Stickney, 1972;Kim et al, 2005Kim et al, , 2007. The optimum feeding frequency for grower and subadult olive flounder was one meal a day in suboptimal temperature conditions (Kim et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2010).…”

“…However, optimum feeding frequency for juvenile olive flounder averaging 6.3 g was two meals a day when fish were fed with EP and moist pellet at either 12 or 17°C for 60 days (Kim et al, 2007). Furthermore, Kim et al (2010) recommended that the optimum feeding frequency was one meal per day for grower olive flounder averaging 117 g in a study where fish were fed with EP to satiation once in 2 days, once a day or twice a day at 13°C. Thus, small (juvenile) olive flounder seemed to require more feeding frequency than large (grower or subadult) fish in suboptimal temperature.…”

“…Huang et al (2008) reported that juvenile olive flounder averaging 10 g subjected to 8.5°C for 10 days followed by rearing at 22°C for the next 30 days achieved full compensatory growth and concluded that a short period of low temperature exposure might not affect the annual growth of fish. In addition, Kim et al (2009Kim et al ( , 2010 proposed that the optimum feeding frequency for both subadult olive flounder averaging 270 g and grower fish averaging 117 g was one meal a day at suboptimal temperature conditions, 12.1°C and 13°C, respectively when fish were fed with EP to satiation.…”

Optimum Feeding Rates for Growing and Sub-adult Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Fed Practical Extruded Pellets at High Water Temperature

“…. , (Cho et al, 2006;Choi et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2014b) . 1 kg , 2 kg (Kim et al, 2014a).…”

Optimum Feeding Rate for Sub-adult Olive Flounder (384 g) Paralichthys olivaceus Fed Practical Extruded Pellets at Optimum Water Temperatures (20-24.5℃)

“…1 kg , 2 kg . (Choi et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2010;) (Kim et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2010) , 300 g . 384 g 20-24.5 , , .…”