Effects of feeding corn distillers dried grains with solubles diets without or with supplemental enzymes on growth performance of pigs: a meta-analysis

Abstract

A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of dietary energy system (net energy or metabolizable energy), oil content of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS), diet inclusion levels, and pig age on growth performance of pigs fed cDDGS-based diets. Mean differences of ADG, ADFI, and Gain:Feed (G:F) were calculated and expressed as a percentage change relative to feeding corn-soybean meal (SBM)- and cDDGS-based diets to nursery (BW < 25 kg) and growing-finishing (BW > 25 kg) pigs, and to compare the effects of supplementing various types of exogenous enzymes without or with phytase on growth performance. A total of 27 studies with 106 growth performance observations were included in the cDDGS dataset, and 34 studies with 84 observations for enzyme responses in cDDGS diets were used in the enzyme dataset. Approximately, 64.7% of the observations showed no change, and 26.7% of observations showed a reduction in ADG, ADFI, and G:F when feeding cDDGS-based diets to nursery and growing-finishing pigs compared with feeding corn-SBM-based diets. Furthermore, feeding cDDGS diets resulted in decreased (P < 0.01) mean difference of ADG (-4.27%) and G:F (-1.99%) for nursery pigs, and decreased (P < 0.01) mean difference of ADG (-1.68%) and G:F (-1.06%) for growing-finishing pigs. Every percentage unit increase in the inclusion level of cDDGS in growing-finishing pig diet was associated with a decrease (P < 0.01) in ADG (-0.10%) and ADFI (-0.09%). Feeding high oil (≥ 10% ether extract) cDDGS-based diets to pigs resulted in a 2.96% reduction in ADFI whereas feeding reduced-oil (< 10% ether extract) cDDGS-based diets reduced G:F by 1.56% compared with pigs fed corn-SBM-based diets. Supplementation of exogenous enzymes improved (P < 0.05) the mean difference of ADG and G:F by 1.94% and 2.65%, respectively, in corn-SBM-based diets, and by 2.67% and 1.87%, respectively, in cDDGS diets. Supplementation of exogenous protease, enzyme cocktail, or xylanase improved (P < 0.05) ADG by 7.29%, 2.64% and 2.48% in pigs fed corn-SBM-based diets, respectively. There were no differences between the dietary addition of single enzymes and enzyme combinations for any growth performance parameters in corn-SBM- or cDDGS-based diets. In conclusion, feeding cDDGS-based diets slightly reduces growth performance of nursery and growing-finishing pigs, but supplementation of xylanase or enzyme cocktail can improve G:F of pigs fed cDDGS-based diets.

A systems approach to evaluate nitrogen utilization efficiency and environmental impacts of swine growing-finishing feeding programs in U.S. pork production systems

“…The precision formulation approach we used for the 30% DDGS diets was effective in preventing reductions in ADG, ADFI, and G:F, which has been observed in several studies using suboptimal formulation approaches for DDGS diets ( Jang et al, 2021 ). However, final BW of pigs fed with DDGS was 2.6 kg less than those fed with CSBM.…”

“…Corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is produced in large quantities comparable to that of SBM in the United States, and because it is often less expensive than corn and SBM, it is commonly added at levels up to 30% in growing-finishing swine diets as a partial replacement of corn and SBM ( Shurson, 2017 ). However, a recent meta-analysis of 24 published studies ( Jang et al, 2021 ) showed that growing-finishing pigs fed with corn DDGS diets averaged 1.68% less average daily gain (ADG) and 1.06% less gain:feed (G:F) compared with pigs fed with corn-SBM diets. These researchers also found that for each percentage unit increase in dietary DDGS inclusion rate, ADG was reduced by 0.10% and average daily feed intake (ADFI) was reduced by 0.09%.…”

Modeling National Embedded Phosphorus Flows of Corn Ethanol Distillers’ Grains to Elucidate Nutrient Reduction Opportunities

“…In comparison to cattle, DG usage estimates were significantly less for swine and poultry (Figure a). DG use in swine and poultry diets is comparatively limited due to its suboptimal nutritional characteristics including (1) high polyunsaturated fatty acid content of corn oil in DDGS that can reduce carcass pork fat quality, − (2) high fiber content which reduces carcass yield in pigs and reduced metabolizable energy content for poultry, (3) amino acid imbalances relative to requirements for both swine and poultry, which requires supplementation of multiple crystalline amino acids, (4) relatively low and variable amino acid digestibility for swine and poultry, and (5) concerns of potential mycotoxin contamination which could adversely affect animal health and performance . Although higher dietary inclusion rates of DGs are being used in swine diets compared with broiler diets, the variability in energy and digestible amino acid content has led to conservative usage rates due to uncertainty of actual metabolizable energy, net energy, and digestible amino acids despite the development and availability of accurate prediction equations based on actual nutrient composition of the DDGS source being fed.…”

Características nutricionais de grãos secos destilados com solúveis e seus efeitos no desempenho e viabilidade econômica para suínos

“…Os resultados assemelham-se aos da metanálise que avaliou 106 datas de crescimento (19) , cuja maioria (>65%) não apresentou alterações no GPD, CRD e CA, e 27% dos resultados mostraram redução no desempenho quando o DDGS foi utilizado. Diferente dos resultados deste estudo, Schwarz et al (20) registraram uma redução no CRD e CA quando os suínos foram alimentados com até 15% de DDGS, mas sem afetar o peso e o GPD.…”