Effects of feeding broiler breeder hens a coextruded full-fat flaxseed and pulses mixture without or with multienzyme supplement

Abstract

The effects of coextruded full-fat flaxseed and pulses ( FFF ; 1:1 wt/wt) mixture on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFA ) enrichment in egg yolk, hepatic attributes, apparent retention ( AR ) of components, and ceca metabolites were evaluated in broiler breeder hens. The diets were as follows: 1) corn–soybean control, 2) control diet plus 18% FFF ( FFF− ), and 3) FFF plus enzyme supplement ( FFF+ ) containing galactanase, protease, mannanase, glucanase, xylanase, amylase, and cellulase activities. Twenty-six-week-old Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens were allocated to 30 identical cages (2 hens/cage) and given 1-week adaptation period. The 3 diets were assigned to 10 replicate cages based on postadaptation BW and fed based on breeder curve for 30 D. Excreta samples were collected from day 24 to 27 for determination of AR of components, and eggs were collected from day 28 to 30 for yolk polyunsaturated fatty acids analyses. On day 30, birds were weighed, killed via cervical dislocation, liver weighed, and stored for fat analyses. Ceca digesta samples were taken for concentration of short-chain fatty acids. Liver and yolk weights as well as total yolk FA were not influenced by diets ( P > 0.05). Control birds had lower yolk concentration of α-linolenic acid than birds fed either FFF− or FFF+ ( P < 0.01) corresponding to 7.5, 36.8, and 37.3 mg/g for the control, FFF−, and FFF+, respectively. Control birds also exhibited lower yolk concentration of docosahexaenoic acid ( P < 0.01). Control birds had higher hepatic concentration of crude fat and apparent retention of dry matter and crude protein compared with either the FFF− or FFF+ birds ( P < 0.05). Birds fed FFF- diet had lower ceca digesta concentration of lactic acid than control and FFF+ ( P < 0.05) birds. Results showed broiler breeder hens enriched egg yolk with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids without effects on the liver while the supplemental enzyme did not improve the utilization of FFF.

Flaxseed Increases Animal Lifespan and Reduces Ovarian Cancer Severity by Toxically Augmenting One-Carbon Metabolism

“…In our current study, our flaxseed-fed hens had reduced body mass concomitant with reduced plasma AST [ 92 ]. Researchers from a separate lab observed 50% reduced hepatic crude fat content when hens were fed 18% coextruded full-fat flaxseed [ 93 ], corroborating our finding of reduced liver fat content.…”

Utilization of grape (Vitis vinifera), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), and apple (Malus pumila/domestica) pomaces in broiler chickens when fed without or with multi-enzyme supplement

“…In addition, the physicochemical characteristics of APL fiber and ensuing gastrointestinal effects could also have contributed. For example, broiler chickens (Thanabalan et al 2020) fed flaxseed exhibited reduced retention of NDF, which was associated with mucilage.…”

Body weight, organ development and jejunal histomorphology in broiler breeder pullets fed n-3 fatty acids enriched diets from hatch through to 22 weeks of age

“…Previous research reported an increase in villi height in broilers and 51-wk-old laying hens fed diets containing whole flaxseeds ( Apperson and Cherian, 2017 ; Westbrook and Cherian, 2019 ). As flaxseeds contain high levels of soluble nonstarch polysaccharides, a more mature GIT has enhanced capacity to digest and absorb more of the available nutrients ( Leung et al, 2018 ; Thanabalan et al, 2020 ). As well, inclusion of the multicarbohydrase, although intended for the wheat ingredients in the diet, may have affected the digestibility of FFF and DMA – specifically in the later phases where dietary wheat inclusion was reduced, allowing the enzyme to act upon other ingredients.…”