“…Eight studies reported outcomes stratified by 6 versus 30-hour shifts, 8 versus 24-hour, 8.5 versus 24-hour, 9 versus 32hour, 14 versus 24-hour, and 14 versus 28-hour shifts. Three of the 15 studies grouped into the <24 versus ࣙ24-hour comparison reported findings for critical outcomes of patient and personnel safety (16,31,32). One study by Talusan et al measured the reaction time of medical residents at the start and end of shifts in a driving simulator (32).…”