Effects of fat and exoskeletal mass on the mass scaling of metabolism in Carabidae beetles

Schramm, Bartosz W.; Gudowska, Agnieszka; Antoł, Andrzej; Łabęcka, Anna Maria; Bauchinger, Ulf; Kozłowski, Jan; Czarnołęski, Marcin

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.10.002

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…For example, SC models, including DEB theory [85,156] are supported by the positive allometry of fat mass in mammals [17], and of 'dead wood' in plants [28,29], but they are contradicted by the isometry of fat and skeletal tissues in insects [157,197] (see also Section 2.2.1). Furthermore, a study designed to test SC effects showed that hypometric metabolic scaling is not caused by a positive allometry of either fat or exoskeletal materials in 15 species of carabid beetles [198]. In fact, both fat and exoskeletal masses showed negative allometry, the opposite of that predicted.…”

Section: System-composition Modelsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Rediscovering and Reviving Old Observations and Explanations of Metabolic Scaling in Living Systems

Glazier

2018

Systems

112

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Why the rate of metabolism varies (scales) in regular, but diverse ways with body size is a perennial, incompletely resolved question in biology. In this article, I discuss several examples of the recent rediscovery and (or) revival of specific metabolic scaling relationships and explanations for them previously published during the nearly 200-year history of allometric studies. I carry out this discussion in the context of the four major modal mechanisms highlighted by the contextual multimodal theory (CMT) that I published in this journal four years ago. These mechanisms include metabolically important processes and their effects that relate to surface area, resource transport, system (body) composition, and resource demand. In so doing, I show that no one mechanism can completely explain the broad diversity of metabolic scaling relationships that exists. Multi-mechanistic models are required, several of which I discuss. Successfully developing a truly general theory of biological scaling requires the consideration of multiple hypotheses, causal mechanisms and scaling relationships, and their integration in a context-dependent way. A full awareness of the rich history of allometric studies, an openness to multiple perspectives, and incisive experimental and comparative tests can help this important quest.

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Section: System-composition Modelsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Rediscovering and Reviving Old Observations and Explanations of Metabolic Scaling in Living Systems

Glazier

2018

Systems

112

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the energy budget, mortality, competition and niche breadth [13,17]. Mechanistically, this variability involves changes in cell numbers and size as well as the amount of extracellular components, but we usually do not know the role of each of these mechanisms or their fitness consequences [8,13,18]. Emerging evidence suggests that cell size does not remain constant, changing both with the developmental environment [12,[19][20][21][22][23] and over evolution, differentiating populations and species [19,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2023

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Along with differences in life histories, metazoans have also evolved vast differences in cellularity, involving changes in the molecular pathways controlling the cell cycle. The extent to which the signalling network systemically determines cellular composition throughout the body and whether tissue cellularity is organized locally to match tissue-specific functions are unclear. We cultured genetic lines of Drosophila melanogaster on food with and without rapamycin to manipulate the activity of target of rapamycin (TOR)/insulin pathways and evaluate cell-size changes in five types of adult cells: wing and leg epidermal cells, ommatidial cells, indirect flight muscle cells and Malpighian tubule epithelial cells. Rapamycin blocks TOR multiprotein complex 1, reducing cell growth, but this effect has been studied in single cell types. As adults, rapamycin-treated flies had smaller bodies and consistently smaller cells in all tissues. Regardless, females eclosed with larger bodies and larger cells in all tissues than males. Thus, differences in TOR activity and sex were associated with the orchestration of cell size throughout the body, leading to differences in body size. We postulate that the activity of TOR/insulin pathways and their effects on cellularity should be considered when investigating the origin of ecological and evolutionary patterns in life histories.

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“…Moreover, changes in adult size are also commonly involved in the plasticity of organisms' developmental responses to environmental conditions [9][10][11][12]. Such high variability in the size of organisms has long inspired scientific debate [13][14][15][16], mainly because the size achieved at maturity is a fundamental determinant of Darwinian fitness [17,18], with far-reaching consequences for physiological and ecological processes, e.g., the energy budget, mortality, competition, and niche breadth [13,17]. Mechanistically, this variability involves changes in cell numbers and size as well as the amount of extracellular components, but we usually do not know the role of each of these mechanisms or their fitness consequences [8,13,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such high variability in the size of organisms has long inspired scientific debate [13][14][15][16], mainly because the size achieved at maturity is a fundamental determinant of Darwinian fitness [17,18], with far-reaching consequences for physiological and ecological processes, e.g., the energy budget, mortality, competition, and niche breadth [13,17]. Mechanistically, this variability involves changes in cell numbers and size as well as the amount of extracellular components, but we usually do not know the role of each of these mechanisms or their fitness consequences [8,13,18]. Emerging evidence suggests that cell size does not remain constant, changing both with the developmental environment [12,[19][20][21][22][23] and over evolution, differentiating populations and species [19,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: Influence of sex and rapamycin exposure inDrosophila melanogaster

Szlachcic

Łabęcka

Privalova

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Along with differences in life histories, metazoans have evolved vast differences in cellularity, involving changes in the molecular pathways controlling the cell cycle. The extent to which the signalling network systemically determines cellular composition throughout the body and whether tissue cellularity is organized locally to match tissue-specific functions are unclear. We cultured genetic lines of Drosophila melanogaster on food with and without rapamycin to manipulate the activity of TOR/insulin pathways and evaluate cell-size changes in five types of adult cells: wing and leg epidermal cells, ommatidial cells, indirect flight muscle cells, and Malpighian tubule epithelial cells. Rapamycin blocks TOR multiprotein complex 1, reducing cell growth, but this effect has been studied in single cell types. As adults, rapamycin-treated flies had smaller bodies and consistently smaller cells in all tissues. Regardless, females eclosed with larger bodies and larger cells in all tissues than males. Thus, differences in TOR activity and sex were associated with the orchestration of cell size throughout the body, leading to differences in body size. We postulate that the activity of TOR/insulin pathways and their effects on cellularity should be considered when investigating the origin of ecological and evolutionary patterns in life histories.

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Effects of fat and exoskeletal mass on the mass scaling of metabolism in Carabidae beetles

Cited by 7 publications

References 69 publications

Rediscovering and Reviving Old Observations and Explanations of Metabolic Scaling in Living Systems

Rediscovering and Reviving Old Observations and Explanations of Metabolic Scaling in Living Systems

Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster

Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: Influence of sex and rapamycin exposure inDrosophila melanogaster

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