Effects of Fasting on Plasma and Platelet-Free Fatty Acids and Platelet Function in Healthy Males

Gjesdal, Knut; Nordøy, Arne; Wang, Harald; Berntsen, Harald; Mjøs, Ole D.

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1648048

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Studies have shown the release of IL-6R by platelets [55] and their ability to mediate inflammatory signalling via IL-1β synthesis [56]. The emerging role of platelets in controlling inflammation [57] and related cardiometabolic diseases [58, 59] deserves more focus in the context of fasting [60]. Experimental studies by Sack et al suggested that timing of measurement is extremely important to study inflammasome activation [61, 62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent circadian fasting (RCF) improves blood pressure, biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk and regulates inflammation in men

et al. 2019

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Background The effects of fasting on health in non-human models have been widely publicised for a long time and emerging evidence support the idea that these effects can be applicable to human practice. Methods In an open label longitudinal follow-up, a cohort of 78 adult men (aged 20 to 85 years) who fasted for 29 consecutive days from sunrise to sunset (16 h fasting—referred to as recurrent circadian fasting) in Pakistan, were studied. The primary outcomes of the fasting study was weight loss/recovery and the associated changes in blood pressure and circulating levels of surrogate markers linked to organ and system functions—including cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammation. Post-fasting outcomes include the regulation of physiological biomarkers. Results Recurrent circadian fasting with weight loss reduced blood pressure (140.6 vs. 124.2 mmHg) and markers of cardiovascular risk (~ 4-fold for resistin; triglycerides: p < 0.0001). Reduced glycemia (p < 0.0001) and the associated changes in the regulation of ketosis (β-hydroxybutyrate) were accompanied by a metabolic shift (PPARβ, osteoprotegerin), suggesting the involvement of the different physiological systems tested. Elevated orexin-A levels (p = 0.0183) in participants indicate sleep disturbance and circadian adaptation. All participants had CRP level < 2 mg/l during the fasting period and a similar trend was observed for TNFα. While most SASP molecules were decreased after the fasting period, heightened levels of IL-8 and IL-6 suggest that some inflammatory markers may be elevated by recurrent circadian fasting. Importantly, older adults reveal similar or more substantial benefits from fasting. Conclusions Recurrent circadian fasting is beneficial at the cardiometabolic and inflammatory levels, especially for at-risk individuals—this is contingent on compliance towards the recommended dietary behaviour, which controls carbohydrate and caloric intake. These benefits from fasting may be particularly beneficial to older adults as they often exhibit abnormal cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory signatures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-2007-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent circadian fasting (RCF) improves blood pressure, biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk and regulates inflammation in men

et al. 2019

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“…In this setting fatty acids probably act by interfering with the PGI2-albumin interaction in a manner similar to that observed in relation to the interference of binding of drugs with albumin following heparin administration (Routledge et al, 1980). Fatty acid release following lipolysis may also be relevant in two other respects: fatty acids inhibit PGI2 synthesis (Jeremy et al, 1983) and also activate platelets (Burstein et al, 1978;Connor et al, 1963;Gjesdal et al, 1976;Hoak et al, , 1967. Since heparin has a greater lipolytic effect than low molecular weight heparins (Kakkar et al, 1982), it is likely that the latter would not have as marked adverse effects of PGI2 metabolism or platelet function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the effect of a conventional heparin and a low molecular weight heparinoid on platelet function.

Mikhailidis¹,

Barradas²,

Mikhailidis³

et al. 1984

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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In a study comparing the in vitro effects of heparin and a low molecular weight heparinoid (Organon 10172) on aggregation of platelets from normal subjects, we have demonstrated that whereas heparin markedly enhances platelet aggregation induced by other aggregators and inhibits the anti‐aggregatory effect of epoprostenol (prostacyclin, PGI2), heparinoid does not produce such effects. The use of heparinoid may thus have a significant advantage over that of heparin in situations where enhanced platelet aggregation is the main factor leading to thrombosis or where heparin treatment is followed by thrombocytopaenia.

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“…The acyl-CoAs formed at this stage were thus available for the desaturating-elongating enzymes. A question was therefore raised concerning whether fasting that increases the plasma concentration of FFA, more than 2-fold in healthy humans (230) and more than 5-fold in guinea pigs (227), also increases the production of ⌬ 6 -desaturase products due to increased substrate availability. The uptake and the total formation of ⌬ 6 -desaturase products from plasma FFA-LA in guinea pigs were found to be severalfold higher in all organs in the fasted state (227).…”

Section: Uptake and Interconversion Of Plasma Unesterified Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of eicosanoid precursor fatty acid pools in tissues

Zhou

Nilsson

2001

Journal of Lipid Research

161

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Tissue arachidonic acid (AA) pools originate from the diet, and from hepatic and extrahepatic desaturationelongation of dietary linoleic acid (LA). This review summarizes the roles of absorption, transport, and formation of AA in the buildup of tissue AA pools. In humans who ingest 0.2-0.3 g of AA and 10-20 g of LA per day on a Western diet, the formation of AA from LA exceeds the dietary supply of AA. A number of factors favor the partitioning of AA to tissue phospholipids rather than adipose tissue and plasma triglycerides. The characteristics of AA transport with lipoproteins are discussed with focus on the role of lipoprotein lipase, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, hepatic lipase, and the scavenger receptor BI and LDL receptors in tissue uptake of AA. Liver-derived 2-acyl-lysophosphatidylcholine and plasma free AA are two important sources of AA for extrahepatic tissues which exhibit a low rate of uptake of lipoprotein AA. Desaturation-elongation of LA to produce AA occurs both in liver and in extrahepatic tissues, plasma free LA being an important substrate particularly during fasting. The AA preference of the reacylation and transacylation reactions is crucial for the selective retention of AA in phospholipids. -Zhou, L., and Å. Nilsson. Sources of eicosanoid precursor fatty acid pools in tissues.

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Effects of Fasting on Plasma and Platelet-Free Fatty Acids and Platelet Function in Healthy Males

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Recurrent circadian fasting (RCF) improves blood pressure, biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk and regulates inflammation in men

Recurrent circadian fasting (RCF) improves blood pressure, biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk and regulates inflammation in men

Comparison of the effect of a conventional heparin and a low molecular weight heparinoid on platelet function.

Sources of eicosanoid precursor fatty acid pools in tissues

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