Effects of Fasting and Refeeding on Serum Leptin, Adiponectin and Free Fatty Acid Concentrations in Young and Old Male Rats

Kmieć, Zbigniew; Pokrywka, Leszek; Kotlarz, Grazyna; Kubasik, Jolanta; Szutowicz, Andrzej; Myśliwski, Andrzej

doi:10.1159/000088698

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The unchanged plasma adiponectin in R cows compared with the C cows indicates that its circulating concentration is not affected by energy balance. The finding of unchanged adiponectin concentrations during feed restriction agrees with results of energy restriction (4 d) study in humans (Imbeault et al, 2004) and total feed deprivation studies in rodents (48 h of fasting; Combs et al, 2003;Kmiec et al, 2005) and humans (48 to 72 h of fasting; Gavrila et al, 2003;Merl et al, 2005). However, another report suggests that adiponectin concentration is decreased in mice after 8 h of fasting (Gui et al, 2003).…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

Short communication: Circulating and milk adiponectin change differently during energy deficiency at different stages of lactation in dairy cows

Singh

Häußler

Gross

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Adiponectin, one of the most abundant adipokines in circulation, is known for its role in regulation of body metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a negative energy balance (NEB) at 2 stages of lactation (lactational NEB at the onset of lactation and an induced NEB by feed restriction near 100 d of lactation) on circulating adiponectin concentrations. We also investigated the effect of feed restriction on adiponectin concentrations in milk and the relationships of blood and milk adiponectin with selected plasma or milk variables and with measures of body condition. Plasma adiponectin was measured in 50 multiparous Holstein dairy cows throughout 3 experimental periods [i.e., period 1 = 3 wk antepartum up to 12 wk postpartum, period 2 = 3 wk of feed restriction starting at around 100 d in milk with a control (n = 25) and feed-restricted group (50% of energy requirements; n = 25), and period 3 = subsequent realimentation period for 8 wk]. Milk adiponectin was investigated among 21 multiparous cows at wk 2 and wk 12 of period 1 and wk 2 of period 2. Adiponectin concentrations in plasma and skim milk were measured using an in-house ELISA specific for bovine adiponectin. Major changes in circulating adiponectin concentrations were observed during the periparturient period, whereas energy deficiency during established lactation at around 100 d in milk and subsequent refeeding did not affect plasma adiponectin. Together with lower adiponectin concentrations in milk (μg/mL), the reduction in milk yield led to decreased adiponectin secretion via milk (mg/d) at the second week of feed restriction. Irrespective of time and treatment, milk adiponectin represented about 0.002% of total milk protein. Mean adiponectin concentrations in milk (0.61 ± 0.03 μg/mL) were about 92% lower than the mean plasma adiponectin concentrations (32.1 ± 1.0 μg/mL). The proportion of the steady-state plasma adiponectin pool secreted daily via milk was 2.7%. In view of the similar extent of NEB in both periods of energy deficiency, decreasing adiponectin concentrations seems important for accomplishing the adaptation to the rapidly increasing metabolic rates in early lactation, whereas the lipolytic reaction toward feed restriction-induced NEB during established lactation seems to occur largely independent of changes in circulating adiponectin. Key words: adiponectin , milk , energy deficiency , dairy cow Short CommunicationWith the onset of lactation in high-producing dairy cows, milk synthesis leads to an approximately 4-fold increase in total energy requirements compared with pregnant and nonlactating state (Block et al., 2001), which is often accompanied by insufficient voluntary feed intake. The period of negative energy balance (NEB) is associated with changes in several metabolic key hormones, such as growth hormone and IGF-1, and the responsiveness of peripheral tissues for these hormones (Rhoads et al., 2007). The period of energy demand such as early lactation in dairy cattle is characterized by an incr...

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supporting

confidence: 84%

Short communication: Circulating and milk adiponectin change differently during energy deficiency at different stages of lactation in dairy cows

Singh

Häußler

Gross

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Microinjection of NPY or the NPY Y-1 receptor agonist BIBO 3304 increases foraging/food hoarding similarly to food deprivation in ad libitum-fed Siberian hamsters (Daily ME and Bartness TJ, unpublished observation). With refeeding, however, the physiological milieu is reversed, such that sympathetic drive to white adipose tissue is decreased, and, consequently, leptin secretion is increased [e.g., (39)]. Foraging and hoarding increase, and concomitant with these initial large increases in these appetitive ingestive behaviors comes smaller increases in food intake [e.g., (21); and present study].…”

Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 88%

Leptin inhibits food-deprivation-induced increases in food intake and food hoarding

Keen-Rhinehart

Bartness²

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Keen-Rhinehart E, Bartness TJ. Leptin inhibits food-deprivation-induced increases in food intake and food hoarding. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295: R1737-R1746, 2008. First published October 1, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90512.2008.-Food deprivation stimulates foraging and hoarding and to a much lesser extent, food intake in Siberian hamsters. Leptin, the anorexigenic hormone secreted primarily from adipocytes, may act in the periphery, the brain, or both to inhibit these ingestive behaviors. Therefore, we tested whether leptin given either intracerebroventricularly or intraperitoneally, would block food deprivation-induced increases in food hoarding, foraging, and intake in animals with differing foraging requirements. Hamsters were trained in a running wheel-based food delivery foraging system coupled with simulated burrow housing. We determined the effects of food deprivation and several peripheral doses of leptin on plasma leptin concentrations. Hamsters were then food deprived for 48 h and given leptin (0, 10, 40, or 80 g ip), and additional hamsters were food deprived for 48 h and given leptin (0, 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 g icv). Foraging, food intake, and hoarding were measured postinjection. Food deprivation stimulated food hoarding to a greater degree and duration than food intake. In animals with a foraging requirement, intracerebroventricular leptin almost completely blocked food deprivation-induced increased food hoarding and intake, but increased foraging. Peripheral leptin treatment was most effective in a sedentary control group, completely inhibiting food deprivation-induced increased food hoarding and intake at the two highest doses, and did not affect foraging at any dose. Thus, the ability of leptin to inhibit food deprivation-induced increases in ingestive behaviors differs based on foraging effort (energy expenditure) and the route of administration of leptin administration. foraging; wheel running; feeding; hypothalamus; Siberian hamsters OBESITY IS A DISEASE OF, literally and figuratively, enormous proportions. As of yet, there are currently no effective treatments for obesity, and this disease continues to run rampant throughout developed and underdeveloped countries. Therefore, innovative and alternative lines of basic research are needed to forge the beginnings of pathways to new potential obesity treatments. One critical area of basic research involves determining the neuroendocrine factors that regulate ingestive behavior. Often ingestive behavior is thought of in terms of food intake only, but it is important to consider the entire sequence of events associated with food, and this includes two phases: 1) the acquisition and storage of food or the appetitive phase and 2) the actual eating of the food or the consummatory phase (20). The consummatory aspects of ingestive behavior have received the most attention in the quest to understand the energy intake portion of the obesity phenomenon. As for the appetitive phase of ingestive behavior, consisting of foraging and food hoarding,...

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“…There was no difference in plasma leptin concentrations between lactating and non-lactating rats at the same time point. Short-term fasting decreases circulating levels of leptin in rats (Kmiec et al 2005, Palou et al 2009). Therefore, fasting just before blood sampling may lead to the low leptin levels in non-lactation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The differences in feeding-inhibitory responses to peripheral and central leptin between non-lactating and lactating rats

Suzuki¹,

Kurose²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2010

Journal of Endocrinology

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This study was conducted to examine the contributions of central and peripheral leptin to hyperphagia in lactation. Lactating rats were mated at 7-8 weeks of age and housed singly with their litters. In experiment 1, food intakes were significantly (P!0 . 01) greater (350% on average) in lactation than in non-lactation throughout a day. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leptin levels remained constant despite plasma leptin levels being significantly (P!0 . 05) greater in non-lactation than in lactation. In experiment 2, CSF leptin levels were not altered by i.v. injections of leptin (0 . 2 and 0 . 4 mg/kg body weight) despite that plasma leptin levels were dose dependently (P!0 . 01) increased. Moreover, i.v. administration of leptin significantly (P!0 . 05) decreased food intake in non-lactating rats but not in lactating rats. In experiment 3, nocturnal food intakes were temporarily (P!0 . 05) reduced in non-lactating and lactating rats. I.c.v. administration of a leptin antagonist (15 mg) blocked the reductions of food intakes.I.c.v. administration of leptin (10 mg) significantly (P!0 . 05) decreased cumulative food intakes during 24 h in both the physiological states. In conclusion, this study has presented new evidence that the hyperphagia of lactating rats could be partly due to depressed sensitivity of neurons contacting blood leptin. In contrast, the responsiveness of leptin receptors contacting CSF leptin may not differ between non-lactating and lactating rats. Furthermore, the levels of CSF leptin remained constant independent of those of blood leptin. Therefore, the expression of hypothalamic leptin receptors contacting CSF could be involved in the difference in food intake between non-lactating and lactating rats.

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Effects of Fasting and Refeeding on Serum Leptin, Adiponectin and Free Fatty Acid Concentrations in Young and Old Male Rats

Cited by 50 publications

References 49 publications

Short communication: Circulating and milk adiponectin change differently during energy deficiency at different stages of lactation in dairy cows

Short communication: Circulating and milk adiponectin change differently during energy deficiency at different stages of lactation in dairy cows

Leptin inhibits food-deprivation-induced increases in food intake and food hoarding

The differences in feeding-inhibitory responses to peripheral and central leptin between non-lactating and lactating rats

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