Effects of Fasting and Oral Premedication on the pH and Volume of Gastric Aspirate in Children

Preoperative anxiety and gastric fluid secretion in healthy children scheduled for outpatient surgery

“…Twentyone percent of our patients had a gastric volume > 0.4 ml-kg-' and pH ~2.5. This compares well with the observation of Meakin, Dingwall & Addison (1987) who noted that 22% of unpremedicated healthy children awaiting minor surgery had gastric aspirates with pH <2.5 and volume >0.4 m1.kg-l. They also noted a variable effect of premedication.…”

“…(Cot6 et al. 1982;Manchikanti et al 1985;Meakin, Dingwall & Addison 1987;Sandhar et al 1989;Crawford et al 1990;Schreiner, Triebwasser & Keon 1990;Splinter, Stewart & Muir 1990). Twentyone percent of our patients had a gastric volume > 0.4 ml-kg-' and pH ~2.5.…”

Assessment of Age-Related Changes in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Solubility

“…Average (mean) values pertaining to neonates (0-28 days) and infants (1-12 m) are illustrated for reference (red -x's). (b) Fasting gastric pH amongst pediatrics (black circles) is depicted as the central tendency, either mean or median, from separate investigations (26)(27)(28)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55). Studies where gastric pH values was quantified over specific age range without denoting the group's mean age were graphically depicted using the middle of the age range.…”

Specific aspects of gastro-intestinal transit in children for drug delivery design

“…Difficulties in determining the age at which it meets adult values stem from the different fasting and sampling conditions. From one of the trials, an interesting effect was seen with temazepam elixir Table 3 Age differences in gastrointestinal factors relative to adult values modified from Alcorn andMcNamara (2003) andde Zwart et al (2004 as a premedication (Meakin et al, 1987) The elixir was seen to significantly increase both gastric volume and pH which was not seen with temazepam capsules although the age of the capsule group was higher with a mean age of 9.1 years versus 6.6 years in the elixir group due to swallowing issues in younger children. This increase in gastric volume and pH are thought to be due to the composition of the elixir vehicle (ethanol 9%, sorbitol 45% and glycerol 50%).…”