Effects of farming terraces on hydrological and geomorphological processes. A review

Abstract

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The immediate effectiveness of barley straw mulch in reducing soil erodibility and surface runoff generation in Mediterranean vineyards

“…Soil loss is enhanced in cropped soils due to soil management and tillage practices (Blavet et al, 2009;Boardman et al, 1990;Boix-Fayos et al, 2005;Cerdan et al, 2010;Gómez et al, 1999;Vanwalleghem et al, 2011). Indeed, this is due to several reasons such as conventional plowing, removal of the original vegetation, use of pesticides and herbicides that damage biological activity in soils (Freemark and Boutin, 1995;Johnsen et al, 2001;Pelosi et al, 2013), low overall vegetation cover, soil compaction and sealing due to machinery traffic, depletion of organic matter and absence of soil erosion control measures (Arnáez et al, 2015;Bakker et al, 2005;Carr et al, 2015;Cerdà et al, 2009;Ciampalini et al, 2012;Cots-Folc et al, 2009;Laudicina et al, 2015;Raclot et al, 2009;Tarolli et al, 2014Tarolli et al, , 2015. The effect of intensive agricultural practices on soil erosion is now well known and is concerning given evidence that civilizations have collapsed throughout human history due to erosion (Brevik and Hartemink, 2010) and that erosion continues to negatively affect civilizations in all regions of the world (Brevik, 2009a;Brevik et al, 2015;Cerdà and Doerr, 2007;O'hara et al, 1993;Pimentel et al, 1987;Shi and Shao, 2000;Smith et al, 2015).…”

Catchment based hydrology under post farmland abandonment scenarios

“…The effects of farmland abandonment on terraced landscapes are manifold, because these areas have been conditioned by disturbances in topography and soil characteristics (Seeger and Ries, 2008) established during terrace construction. In addition to the recovery of vegetation, the lack of maintenance resulting from farmland abandonment may cause failures in the terrace risers, often followed by small mass movements and gullying (Lesschen et al, 2008;Solé-Benet et al, 2010;Arnáez et al, 2015Arnáez et al, , 2017, resulting in new sediment sources on the hillslopes. The off-site effects of these phenomena, which depend on the spatial distribution of sediment sources, water transfer paths and local sinks, are still unclear, due in part to the lack of studies that have investigated the hydrology of abandoned terraced landscapes, especially at the catchment scale.…”

Agricultural land abandonment in Mediterranean environment provides ecosystem services via soil carbon sequestration

“…Worldwide land use changes are altering the fate of landscapes, and land abandonment is one of the processes responsible for these changes (Arnáez et al, 2015;García-Ruiz and Lana-Renault, 2011;Parras-Alcántara et al, 2013). Land abandonment has occurred mainly in developed countries as a consequence of the intensification of agriculture and the reduction of the agriculture land necessary to feed the population (Alonso-Sarría et al, 2016;Kou et al, 2016).…”