Effects of extreme temperatures on phenotypic variation and developmental stability in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila buzzatii

Abstract

The effect of stressful and nonstressful rearing temperatures on phenotypic variation of four quantitative characters (thorax length, wing length, number of sternopleural chaetae, number of arista branches) and on developmental stability (fluctuating asymmetry) of the three latter characters was estimated in two Drosophila species: Drosophila melanogash and Drosophila buzzatii.In both species, a general trend for increasing of phenotypic variation and fluctuating asymmetry at stress temperatures was observed; in fluctuating asymmetry, this effect was more pronounced. An increase of phenotypic variation under stress was shown for all characters examined except sternopleural chaeta number in D. buzzatii. Comparison of species responses suggests that the increase of variation in D. melanogash was somewhat higher than in D. buzzatii.

Impact of environmental temperatures on resistance to organophosphate insecticides in Aedes aegypti from Trinidad

“…These results were, however, dissimilar to those of Patil et al (1996), who found that pre-exposing larvae to high temperatures resulted in increased tolerance to the insecticide bendiocarb (31). Imasheva et al (1997) showed that temperature affects not only insecticides but also biological molecules such as enzymes and proteins, which play an important role in the survival of many organisms (32). Esterases are the detoxification enzymes involved mainly in insecticide resistance, and elevated activity levels of these enzymes observed in larval populations have contributed to the demonstrated resistance to OP insecticides (33,34).…”

Stress temperatures and quantitative variation in Drosophila melanogaster

“…As in our previous work (Imasheva et al, 1997), four morphological characters were scored: thorax length, wing length (metrical characters) and sternopleural chaeta number and arista branch number (meristic characters). Thorax length and wing length were measured as described in Imasheva et al (1997).…”

“…Thorax length and wing length were measured as described in Imasheva et al (1997). Bilateral characters were measured on the left side of the fly.…”

“…Rearing under stressful conditions has been shown to increase phenotypic variation in developmental time (Parsons, 1961;Gebhardt & Stearns, 1988, 1992, dry weight at eclosion (Gebhardt & Stearns, 1988), thorax length (Robertson, 1960;Imasheva et al, 1997), wing length (Tantawy & Mallah, 1961;David et al, 1994;Lazebny et al, 1996), ovariole number (Delpuech et al, 1995), and sternopleural chaeta number (Parsons, 1961;Imasheva et al, 1997). Types of stress used were extreme temperatures (Parsons, 1961;Tantawy & Mallah, 1961;David et al, 1994;Imasheva et al, 1997), deficient larval diet (Robertson, 1960;Gebhardt & Stearns, 1988, 1992, and larval crowding (Parsons, 1961;Lazebny et al, 1996).…”

Phenotypic diversity, population structure and stress protein-based capacitoring in populations of Xeropicta derbentina, a heat-tolerant land snail species

“…Heat stress can influence phenotypic variation (Child et al 1940;Imasheva et al 1997;Royer et al 2009;Sisodia and Singh 2009;Hansen et al 2011;Crichigno et al 2012) and chaperones were suggested to canalize phenotypic development and, therefore, to act as capacitors of phenotypic variation (Rutherford and Lindquist 1998;Roberts and Feder 1999;Queitsch et al 2002;Rutherford 2003). Thus, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that they also participate in the regulation of phenotypic variation in natural populations of polymorphic land snails.…”