Effects of extrafloral and floral nectar of Centaurea cyanus on the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator: Olfactory attractiveness and parasitization rates

Géneau, Céline E.; Wäckers, Félix; Luka, Henryk; Balmer, Oliver

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.02.007

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Floral and extrafloral nectar, and honeydew excreted by homopteran insects, provide sugar-foraging wasps with rich sources of carbohydrates which generally increase longevity and subsequent rates of parasitism (Géneau et al, 2013;Irvin et al, 2007;Jamont et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2004;Lee and Heimpel, 2008a;Sivinski et al, 2006;Winkler et al, 2006;Wyckhuys et al, 2008). Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that parasitoid food sources play an important role in regulation of host population dynamics (Heimpel and Jervis, 2005;Jervis et al, 1996;Sabelis et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sugar concentration and timing of feeding affect feeding characteristics and survival of a parasitic wasp

Williams¹,

Deschodt

Pointurier

et al. 2015

Journal of Insect Physiology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sugar concentration and timing of feeding affect feeding characteristics and survival of a parasitic wasp

Williams¹,

Deschodt

Pointurier

et al. 2015

Journal of Insect Physiology

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“…This transition is important for members of the third trophic level, because nectar and/or pollen are important food sources for numerous species of natural enemies, including parasitic wasps [26, 27]. Infested flowering plants may offer a “double reward” (host + food) to visiting parasitoids [28], and thus be more attractive than infested vegetative plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral volatiles interfere with plant attraction of parasitoids: ontogeny-dependent infochemical dynamics in Brassica rapa

Desurmont

Laplanche

Schiestl³

et al. 2015

BMC Ecol

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BackgroundThe role of plant ontogeny on investment in direct defense against herbivores is well accepted, but the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage can also affect indirect resistance traits (i.e. attraction of the natural enemies of plant attackers). Here, we conducted behavioral bioassays in olfactometers to determine whether the developmental stage (vegetative, pre-flowering, and flowering) of Brassica rapa plants affects attraction of Cotesiaglomerata, a parasitoid of the herbivore Pieris brassicae, and examined the blends of volatile compounds emitted by plants at each developmental stage.ResultsPieris-infested plants were always more attractive to parasitoids than control plants and plants infested by a non-host herbivore, independently of plant developmental stage. On the other hand, the relative attractiveness of Pieris-infested plants was ontogeny dependent: Pieris-infested plants were more attractive at the pre-flowering stage than at the vegetative stage, and more attractive at the vegetative stage than at the flowering stage. Chemical analyses revealed that the induction of leaf volatiles after herbivory is strongly reduced in flowering plants. The addition of synthetic floral volatiles to infested vegetative plants decreased their attractiveness to parasitoids, suggesting a trade-off between signaling to pollinators and parasitoids.ConclusionOur results show that putative indirect resistance traits are affected by plant development, and are reduced during B. rapa reproductive stage. The effects of ontogenetic shifts in resource allocation on the behavior of members of the third trophic level may have important implications for the evolution of plant defense strategies against herbivores.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12898-015-0047-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Reduced flower visitation may negatively affect reproductive success in V. faba, as fruit set turned out to depend on flower visitation. Although few studies have indirectly shown that EFNs are scented (Röse et al 2006;Géneau et al 2013;Choate and Lundgren 2013), this is to our knowledge the first study that describes the volatile composition of EFNs. The volatiles found in extrafloral nectar were mainly a subset of compounds emitted by leaves, which is comparable to the situation in floral nectar scent which often originates from surrounding floral tissues (Raguso 2004;Kessler and Baldwin 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multimodal communication by EFNs has received less attention although visual and olfactory cues have been reported to be associated with EFNs. Few studies suggest volatile emissions from EFNs (Röse et al 2006;Géneau et al 2013;Choate and Lundgren 2013), but a detailed analysis of the volatiles emitted by EFNs and their effect on EFN visitors is lacking so far. Similarly, the function of visual traits in interactions with EFNs is largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivory-induced changes in the olfactory and visual display of flowers and extrafloral nectaries affect pollinator behavior

Hoffmeister

Junker

2016

Evol Ecol

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Plants communicate with animals by means of multimodal displays and reward mutualistic partners with resources such as nectar. Floral nectar is a key resource for pollinators, whereas extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) support indirect plant defense. Animalpollinated flowers advertise their rewards using modalities such as scent, color and morphology. In EFNs the role of olfactory and visual traits is less well understood. Herbivory has been shown to induce changes in the multimodal display and in resource related characteristics of flowers and EFNs. This may consequently affect the behavior of nectar consumers such as pollinators that occasionally feed on extrafloral nectar in addition to floral nectar. We tested the effect of herbivory (simulated by jasmonic acid treatment) on olfactory, visual and resource related floral and EFN traits in Vicia faba, tracked alterations in bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) preference and evaluated potential outcomes for plant reproduction. In control plants, flowers and EFNs differed in olfactory and visual cues and also in nectar quantity and quality and pollinators clearly preferred to forage on flowers. After jasmonic acid treatment (JA), linalool emissions of EFNs increased in a large proportion of plants, the visual display of EFNs became more salient and nectar volumes increased. In flowers of JA-treated plants we found lower emissions of cinnamic aldehyde and lower sugar concentration in nectar, however visual cues were unaffected. Potentially because of these phenotypic changes bumblebees no longer preferred flowers over EFNs in JA-treated plants. Consequently, this may negatively affect reproductive success in V. faba, which is highly dependent on floral visitation for fruit set. Our study adds another aspect to the complexity of plant-pollinator interactions and reveals how herbivory may interfere with plant-pollinator communication. Our findings emphasize that the foraging behavior of

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Effects of extrafloral and floral nectar of Centaurea cyanus on the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator: Olfactory attractiveness and parasitization rates

Cited by 44 publications

References 19 publications

Sugar concentration and timing of feeding affect feeding characteristics and survival of a parasitic wasp

Sugar concentration and timing of feeding affect feeding characteristics and survival of a parasitic wasp

Floral volatiles interfere with plant attraction of parasitoids: ontogeny-dependent infochemical dynamics in Brassica rapa

Herbivory-induced changes in the olfactory and visual display of flowers and extrafloral nectaries affect pollinator behavior

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