Effects of Extractive Ammonia Pretreatment on the Ultrastructure and Glycan Composition of Corn Stover

Enhancement of saccharification of corn stover by cellulolytic enzyme produced from biomass-degrading bacteria

“…This result was found to be consistent with that of the corn stover analyzed in another study (Liu et al 2013). Also, the contents of corn stover were observed to be almost in the range mentioned; cellulose 30 to 60%, hemicellulose 20 to 40%, and lignin 15 to 25% (Dahadha et al 2017;Avci et al 2019). After the AHP treatment, the content of lignin was 15.5%, which showed a significant reduction compared to the raw material (P < 0.05), while the glucan content increased significantly by 49.6% with a minor increase of xylan.…”

“…The result illustrated that both pretreatments were able to change the cell wall composition of corn stover. It is known that different pretreatment methods improve the hydrolysis of biomass and change the chemical and physical structures of biomass resulting in enzymes accessibility to corn stover and yielding of fermentable sugars (Sun et al 2016;Avci et al 2019).…”

Enzymatic processing of lignocellulosic biomass: principles, recent advances and perspectives

“…While some pretreatment technologies aim to increase plant cell wall accessibility via reorganization of plant cell wall polymers without removal of matrix polymers (AFEX, ARP), other technologies increase enzymatic accessibility of cellulose via fractionation of the biomass by separating lignin (e.g., alkali and sulfite pulping), hemicellulose (steam explosion) or both (ionic liquid or organosolv pretreatment) from cellulose. Detailed analysis of pretreated biomass with glycome profiling and immunolabeling of plant cell wall polymers indicate that not even the most efficient pretreatment technologies, such as hydrothermal pretreatment [86,397], AFEX [264] and extractive ammonia pretreatment [13], can completely separate cellulose from the other cell wall polymers. Indeed, studies on the optimization of enzymatic biomass saccharification have revealed the need for a wide-spectrum enzyme cocktail, including cellulases and hemicellulases, to achieve complete saccharification of pretreated biomass, and the composition of the optimal enzyme cocktail depends on pretreatment and biomass type [21,61,168].…”

Protic ionic liquids for sustainable uses

“…There is a number of currently operated biomass processing methods, including Organosolv, 126 steam, 127 ammonia, 128 and acid, 129 some of which have been discussed in previous reviews. 145,146 Pre-treatment processes based on protic ionic liquids are typically benchmarked against the most common: the Kraft pulping process, used globally to isolate cellulose from lignin and hemicellulose in lignocellulosic biomass.…”