Effects of Extraction Methods on Phenolic Content in the Young Bamboo Culm Extracts of Bambusa beecheyana Munro

Abstract

Nowadays, many studies focus on the potential of bamboo as a source of bioactive compounds and natural antioxidants for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and food sources. This study is a pioneering effort to determine the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activity, as well as the phenolic identification and quantification of Bambusa beecheyana. The study was conducted by using ethanol, methanol, and water for solvent extraction by applying cold maceration, Soxhlet, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction techniques. The results showed that Soxhlet and ultrasonic-assisted Bambusa beecheyana culm extracts had an increase in the extract’s dry yield (1.13–8.81%) but a constant p-coumaric acid (4) content (0.00035 mg/g) as compared to the extracts from the cold maceration. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction method required only a small amount (250 mL) of solvent to extract the bamboo culms. A significant amount of total phenolics (107.65 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (43.89 ± 0.05 mg QE/g) were found in the Soxhlet methanol culm extract. The extract also possessed the most potent antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 40.43 µg/mL as compared to the positive control, ascorbic acid. The UHPLC–ESI–MS/MS analysis was carried out on the Soxhlet methanol extract, ultrasonic-assisted extract at 40 min, and cold methanol extract. The analysis resulted in the putative identification of a total of five phenolics containing cinnamic acid derivatives. The two cinnamic acid derivatives, p-coumaric acid (4) and 4-methoxycinnamic acid (5), were then used as markers to quantify the concentration of both compounds in all the extracts. Both compounds were not found in the water extracts. These results revealed that the extract from Soxhlet methanol of Bambusa beecheyana could be a potential botanical source of natural antioxidants. This study provides an important chemical composition database for further preclinical research on Bambusa beecheyana.

High-Yield Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from Bambusa chungii Culms Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction

“…The application of PHWE at temperatures higher than 140 °C resulted in higher extraction yields and total phenolic contents than conventional extraction methods. The highest TPC value obtained in this work (7.6 mg GAE/g of plant material at 180 °C) was lower than the values for five native Brazilian bamboo species reported by Wroblewska et al (43.64~87.81 mg GAE/g RM) [ 46 ] but higher than the values from bamboo culms and related products reported by Gomez et al (1.59~3.84 mg GAE/g RM) [ 47 ], Gong et al (4.21 mg GAE/g RM) [ 48 ], and Nuzul et al (0.45~0.72 mg GAE/g RM) [ 33 ]. The literature data listed above (converted to the same unit) were all obtained from conventional extraction methods using organic solvents and measured by the FC method.…”

“…The outer culm and inner culm were found to be abundant in phenolic compounds. Nuzul et al evaluated the antioxidant capacity of extracts from Bambusa beecheyana Munro culms obtained by different extraction methods [ 33 ]. The IC 50 of the maceration ethanol extract (72 h) and Soxhlet ethanol extract (1 h, repeated for six cycles) in the DPPH test were 95.93 and 87.12 μg/mL, respectively.…”

“…Maceration and reflux extraction methods were implemented to obtain comparative data for PHWE extraction. Two conventional extraction procedures were performed as described by Nuzul et al and QIN et al for Bambusa beecheyana culms [ 33 ] and Bambusa surrecta culms [ 34 ], respectively, with modifications. Maceration was conducted by placing 30 g of bamboo culm chips into a distillation flask followed by the addition of 80% ( v / v ) ethanol 600 mL.…”

Shoot Nutrition and Flavor Variation in Two Phyllostachys Species: Does the Quality of Edible Bamboo Shoot Diaphragm and Flesh Differ?

“…Fat content was determined through Soxhlet extraction [ 23 ]. The sample was placed in a filter paper tube with 2 g of ground powder, and the tube was tied firmly with cotton thread and placed into the extraction tube of the Soxhlet extraction apparatus.…”

Risk Assessment of Triflumezopyrim and Imidacloprid in Rice through an Evaluation of Residual Data

“…The parameters of linearity, including the slope, intercept, and determination coefficient, were calculated based on a five-point calibration curve. An isotopically labeled standard was used to eliminate ME as reported previously [ 27 ]. Such compounds can help in the correction of signal deviation because they have the same chemical properties and retention times as non-labeled compounds.…”