Effects of external calcium on the biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to ginsenoside Rd by Paecilomyces bainier 229-7

Li, Ye; Li, Jiyang; Shi, Xunlong; Feng, Meiqing

doi:10.1007/s11274-011-0882-4

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…GE 17-18 isolated from Panax ginseng [35]. Aspergillus niger strain TH-10a and Paecilomyces bainier strain 229-7 could convert ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd [36][37][38]. In this experiment, AGSL was directly fermented by endophytic fungus Umbelopsis dimopha strain NSJG isolated from wild ginseng.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation of American Ginseng Stems and Leaves by an Endophytic Fungus Umbelopsis sp. and Its Effect on Alzheimer’s Disease Control

Chen,

Wang,

Gao

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Background: Common ginsenosides can be transformed into rare ginsenosides through microbial fermentation, and some rare ginsenosides can prevent Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to transform common ginsenosides into rare ginsenosides through solid-state fermentation of American ginseng stems and leaves (AGSL) by an endophytic fungus and to explore whether fermented saponin extracts prevent AD. Methods: The powders of AGSL were fermented in a solid state by endophytic fungus. Total saponins were extracted from fermentation products using the methanol extraction method. The types of saponins were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The Aβ42 concentration and β-secretase activity were measured by ELISA for the prevention of AD. Results: After AGSL was fermented by an endophytic fungus NSJG, the total saponin concentration of the fermented extract G-SL was higher than the unfermented CK-SL. Rare ginsenoside Rh1 was newly produced and the yield of compound K (561.79%), Rh2 (77.48%), and F2 (40.89%) was increased in G-SL. G-SL had a higher inhibition rate on Aβ42 concentration (42.75%) and β-secretase activity (42.22%) than CK-SL, possibly because the rare ginsenoside Rh1, Rh2, F2, and compound K included in it have a strong inhibitory effect on AD. Conclusion: The fermented saponin extracts of AGSL show more inhibition effects on AD and may be promising therapeutic drugs or nutrients for AD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation of American Ginseng Stems and Leaves by an Endophytic Fungus Umbelopsis sp. and Its Effect on Alzheimer’s Disease Control

Chen,

Wang,

Gao

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…Many metal ions also promote the transformation of ginsenosides. For example, Ca 2+ contributes to ginsenoside Rd biotransformation by regulating the external calcium signals of microorganisms and by regulating β-glucosidase activity [ 29 ]. Mg 2+ and Fe 3+ promote the production of CK, but the specific mechanism is not yet clear [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation of High Concentrations of Ginsenoside Substrate into Compound K by β-glycosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus

Wang

Tang

Liu

et al. 2023

Genes

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The rare ginsenoside Compound K (CK) is an attractive ingredient in traditional medicines, cosmetics, and the food industry because of its various biological activities. However, it does not exist in nature. The commonly used method for the production of CK is enzymatic conversion. In order to further improve the catalytic efficiency and increase the CK content, a thermostable β-glycosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris and secreted into fermentation broth. The recombinant SS-bgly in the supernatant showed enzyme activity of 93.96 U/mg at 120 h when using pNPG as substrate. The biotransformation conditions were optimized at pH 6.0 and 80 °C, and its activity was significantly enhanced in the presence of 3 mM Li+. When the substrate concentration was 10 mg/mL, the recombinant SS-bgly completely converted the ginsenoside substrate to CK with a productivity of 507.06 μM/h. Moreover, the recombinant SS-bgly exhibited extraordinary tolerance against high substrate concentrations. When the ginsenoside substrate concentration was increased to 30 mg/mL, the conversion could still reach 82.5% with a productivity of 314.07 μM/h. Thus, the high temperature tolerance, resistance to a variety of metals, and strong substrate tolerance make the recombinant SS-bgly expressed in P. pastoris a potential candidate for the industrial production of the rare ginsenoside CK.

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“…MBT213 ( Renchinkhand et al, 2017 ), Flavobacterium johnsoniae ( Hong et al, 2012 ), Leuconostoc mesenteroides DC102 ( Quan et al, 2011 ), and Lactobacillus brevis ( Zhong et al, 2016 ) is able to hydrolyze ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) and convert it to ginsenoside Rd during the fermentation of the ginseng. In addition, Aspergillus niger strain TH-10 ( Feng et al, 2016 ), Paecilomyces bainier 229-7 ( Ye et al, 2010 ; Ye et al, 2012 ), Thermus caldophilus GK24 ( Son et al, 2008 ), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum ( Kim et al, 2013a ), Cladosporium fulvum ( Zhao et al, 2009 ), and Aspergillus versicolor ( Lin et al, 2015 ) have shown similar effects as those of hydrolases in Rb1.…”

Section: Biotransformation Of Ginsenoside Rdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacological Activities of Ginsenoside Rd Against Multiple Diseases

Huang

Yao

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. has a history of more than 4000 years and is widely used in Asian countries. Modern pharmacological studies have proved that ginsenosides and their compounds have a variety of significant biological activities on specific diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, certain types of cancer, gastrointestinal disease, and metabolic diseases, in which most of the interest has focused on ginsenoside Rd. The evidentiary basis showed that ginsenoside Rd ameliorates ischemic stroke, nerve injury, cancer, and other diseases involved in apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and autophagy. In this review, we summarized available reports on the molecular biological mechanisms of ginsenoside Rd in neurological diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases, and other diseases. We also discussed the main biotransformation pathways of ginsenoside Rd obtained by fermentation.

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Effects of external calcium on the biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to ginsenoside Rd by Paecilomyces bainier 229-7

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Biotransformation of American Ginseng Stems and Leaves by an Endophytic Fungus Umbelopsis sp. and Its Effect on Alzheimer’s Disease Control

Biotransformation of American Ginseng Stems and Leaves by an Endophytic Fungus Umbelopsis sp. and Its Effect on Alzheimer’s Disease Control

Biotransformation of High Concentrations of Ginsenoside Substrate into Compound K by β-glycosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus

Biotransformation, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacological Activities of Ginsenoside Rd Against Multiple Diseases

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