Effects of extensive temporal lobe damage or mild hypoxia on recollection and familiarity

Yonelinas, Andrew P.; Kroll, Neal E. A.; Quamme, Joel R.; Lazzara, Michele M.; Sauvé, M. J.; Widaman, Keith F.; Knight, Robert T.

doi:10.1038/nn961

Cited by 495 publications

(541 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Increased ER firing to repeats has been observed in monkeys when the repeated stimuli are also the behavioral targets (Suzuki et al, 1997). Some hemodynamic studies have found specific medial temporal activation during intentional recall and experiential recognition over implicit repetition, and lesion studies have found a specific deficit after medial temporal lesions in the same circumstances (Yonelinas et al, 2001;Yonelinas et al, 2002), but both findings are inconsistent (Squire et al, 2004). A variety of evidence in animals has led to the suggestion that familiarity/recognition depends on the repetition-induced decreases in cell firing in more lateral neocortical segments of the ventral temporal lobe, whereas conscious retrieval and recollection depends on medial structures, and especially the HC (Brown and Aggleton, 2001).…”

Section: Repetition and Retrieval Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing stages underlying word recognition in the anteroventral temporal lobe

et al. 2006

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The anteroventral temporal lobe integrates visual, lexical, semantic and mnestic aspects of wordprocessing, through its reciprocal connections with the ventral visual stream, language areas, and the hippocampal formation. We used linear microelectrode arrays to probe population synaptic currents and neuronal firing in different cortical layers of the anteroventral temporal lobe, during semantic judgments with implicit priming, and overt word recognition. Since different extrinsic and associative inputs preferentially target different cortical layers, this method can help reveal the sequence and nature of local processing stages at a higher resolution than was previously possible.The initial response in inferotemporal and perirhinal cortices is a brief current sink beginning at 120ms, and peaking at ~170ms. Localization of this initial sink to middle layers suggests that it represents feedforward input from lower visual areas, and simultaneously increased firing implies that it represents excitatory synaptic currents. Until ~800ms, the main focus of transmembrane current sinks alternates between middle and superficial layers, with the superficial focus becoming increasingly dominant after ~550ms. Since superficial layers are the target of local and feedback associative inputs, this suggests an alternation in predominant synaptic input between feedforward and feedback modes. Word repetition does not affect the initial perirhinal and inferotemporal middle layer sink, but does decrease later activity. Entorhinal activity begins later (~200ms), with greater apparent excitatory postsynaptic currents and multiunit activity in neocortically-projecting than hippocampal-projecting layers. In contrast to perirhinal and entorhinal responses, entorhinal responses are larger to repeated words during memory retrieval.These results identify a sequence of physiological activation, beginning with a sharp activation from lower level visual areas carrying specific information to middle layers. This is followed by feedback and associative interactions involving upper cortical layers, which are abbreviated to repeated words. Following bottom-up and associative stages, top-down recollective processes may be driven by entorhinal cortex. Word processing involves a systematic sequence of fast feedforward information transfer from visual areas to anteroventral temporal cortex, followed by prolonged interactions of this feedforward information with local associations, and feedback mnestic information from the medial temporal lobe.

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Section: Repetition and Retrieval Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing stages underlying word recognition in the anteroventral temporal lobe

et al. 2006

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“…Whereas, some studies have found clear visual item recognition deficits after relatively selective hippocampal damage (e.g., Cipolotti et al, 2001;Manns & Squire, 1999;Manns, Hopkins, Reed, Kitchener, & Squire, 2003;Reed & Squire, 1997), others have found little or no impairment in item recognition memory (Mayes, Holdstock, Isaac, Hunkin, & Roberts, 2002;Vargha-Khadem et al, 1997;Yonelinas et al, 2002). The explanation of these conflicting results is unknown, but most probably involves either differing extents and locations of hippocampal damage, differing extents of damage or dysfunction in extra-hippocampal sites critical for visual item recognition, or both (for example, see Baxter & Murray, 2001a and b;Zola & Squire, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence about whether hippocampal damage leaves familiarity memory intact is conflicting. Whereas, Yonelinas et al (2002) found, using several methods of assessment, that familiarity was preserved in patients who probably suffered hippocampal damage caused by hypoxia following a cardiac arrest, Manns et al (2003) found that familiarity was as impaired as recollection in a group of patients who had suffered hippocampal damage. Provided, as many researchers assume, that relatively normal item recognition memory can be supported by familiarity alone, the Aggleton and Brown hypothesis is consistent with hippocampal lesions causing only a mild item recognition deficit that might not be detectable in single patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual paired comparison performance is impaired in a patient with selective hippocampal lesions and relatively intact item recognition

et al. 2004

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In this study, we have examined visual recognition memory in a patient, YR, with discrete hippocampal damage who has shown normal or nearly normal item recognition over a large number of tests. We directly compared her performance as measured using a visual paired comparison task (VPC) with her performance on delayed matching to sample (DMS) tasks. We also investigated the effect of retention interval between familiarisation and test. YR shows good visual recognition with the DMS task up to 10 s after the familiarisation period, but only shows recognition with the VPC task for the shortest retention interval (0 s). Our results are consistent with the view that hippocampal damage disrupts recollection and recall, but not item familiarity memory.

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“…Amnesia consequent to transient hypoxia associated with hippocampal damage results in a decrease in the asymmetry of the ROC function, reflecting a deficit in recollection, but the curvilinear shape is relatively spared, indicating that there is no effect on familiarity, whereas damage that reaches into the parahippocampal region results in deficits in both recollection and familiarity 4 , 5 . Our own ROC analyses, using an animal model where we definitively limited the damage to the hippocampus, resulted in a selective deficit in the same index of recollection (loss of asymmetry) and no impairment in familiarity (retained curvilinearity) 6 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Recognition memory: opposite effects of hippocampal damage on recollection and familiarity

et al. 2007

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A major controversy in memory research concerns whether recognition is subdivided into distinct cognitive mechanisms of recollection and familiarity that are supported by different neural substrates. Here we developed a new associative recognition protocol for rats that enabled us to show that recollection is reduced, whereas familiarity is increased following hippocampal damage. These results provide strong evidence that these processes are qualitatively different and that the hippocampus supports recollection and not familiarity.Some of the most compelling data on recognition memory and hippocampal function involve the use of signal detection analyses. In these analyses, subjects are initially presented with a stimulus list and are then required to identify test stimuli as the same (old) items or different (new) stimuli across a range of confidence levels or response biases. In normal human subjects, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) function for lists of single items is typically asymmetrical (featuring an above-zero y intercept), interpreted by some to reflect a threshold for recollection, and has a curvilinear shape, reflecting the strength of familiarity (the dual process model 1 ). A major alternative view is that recognition is supported by qualitatively similar memory signals, wherein for each the degree of curvilinearity reflects the sum of the strengths of memory components and the asymmetry reflects greater variability in strength for old than for new items (the unequal variance model 2 ). According to this latter view, familiarity and recollection differ only in sensitivity, such that familiarity reflects the detection of weaker memories, whereas recollection is experienced when memories are stronger or involve more information.There is also compelling evidence indicating that recollection and familiarity may have distinct neural substrates, but the question of whether specific brain areas make qualitatively different contributions to recognition memory remains controversial 1 , 3 . Evidence from

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Effects of extensive temporal lobe damage or mild hypoxia on recollection and familiarity

Cited by 495 publications

References 40 publications

Processing stages underlying word recognition in the anteroventral temporal lobe

Processing stages underlying word recognition in the anteroventral temporal lobe

Visual paired comparison performance is impaired in a patient with selective hippocampal lesions and relatively intact item recognition

Recognition memory: opposite effects of hippocampal damage on recollection and familiarity

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