Effects of exposure to sexist humor on perceptions of normative tolerance of sexism

Ford, Thomas E.; Wentzel, Erin R.; Lorion, Joli

doi:10.1002/ejsp.56

Cited by 108 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Highly hostile sexist men approve of sexist humour, thereby consenting to the implied normative standard. Following the exposure to sexist humour, these men also experience less self-directed negative affect after imagining behaving in a sexist manner (Ford et al 2001).…”

Section: Using a Staged Recorded Conversation Between Two Male Confedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexist humor and social identity: the role of sexist humor in men’s in-group cohesion, sexual harassment, rape proclivity, and victim blame

Thomae

Pina

2015

Humor

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Section: Using a Staged Recorded Conversation Between Two Male Confedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexist humor and social identity: the role of sexist humor in men’s in-group cohesion, sexual harassment, rape proclivity, and victim blame

Thomae

Pina

2015

Humor

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“…In attempts to facilitate relationships and show solidarity with the audience, affiliative jokers tell jokes and funny stories. Alternatively, aggressive humor encapsulates the negative humor explored in past examinations of negative humor in romantic relationships (Hall & Sereno, 2010), in joke appreciation (Herzog & Andersen, 2000), and in sexist and put-down humor (Ford et al, 2001;Zillmann & Stocking, 1976). Aggressive humor includes sarcasm, teasing, ridicule, or derisive humor, and is related to a tendency to express humor without concern for how it impacts others.…”

Section: Perceptions Of Humor and Embarrassmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it something I said? Sense of humor and partner embarrassment

Hall

2010

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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This manuscript explores one romantic partner's humor use and the resulting embarrassment felt by the other partner using coorientation theory. Self-report and partner perception data were gathered from 106 couples (N ¼ 212) in romantic relationships, and two coorientation variables were calculated. Actor-Partner Independence Models estimated the relationships between four humor styles and partner embarrassment. Aggressive humor was related to partner embarrassment and self-defeating humor with feeling embarrassed by one's partner. For women, perceived similarity in aggressive and self-defeating humor mitigated embarrassment, and greater understanding of men's self-defeating humor was related to embarrassment. In Study 2, a 2 Â 2 experiment (N ¼ 222) tested whether self-defeating humor predicts embarrassment or whether embarrassment predicts self-defeating humor use, with results supporting the former.

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“…Patronizing is thus perhaps closer to hostile sexism in its explicit discriminatory character. In our view, Vescio et al's (2005) patronizing behavior might thus be conceived as Fiske's (1996, 2001) overall ambivalent sexism, which reveals itself through both hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes.However, research has shown that hostile and benevolent sexism, though correlated, predict different values (Abrams, Viki, Masser, & Bohner, 2003;Ford, Wentzel, & Lorion, 2001;Sakalli & Glick, 2003;. Our aim in this article was to determine the specific consequences that hostile and benevolent sexism each have on the performance of women.…”

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confidence: 94%

Insidious dangers of benevolent sexism: Consequences for women's performance.

Dardenne

Dumont

Bollier

2007

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

363

388

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Four experiments found benevolent sexism to be worse than hostile sexism for women's cognitive performance. Experiments 1-2 showed effects of paternalist benevolent sexism and ruled out explanations of perceived sexism, context pleasantness, and performance motivation. Experiment 3 showed effects of both paternalist and complementary gender differentiation components of benevolent sexism. Benevolent sexism per se (rather than the provision of unsolicited help involved in paternalism) worsened performance. Experiment 4 showed that impaired performance due to benevolent sexism was fully mediated by the mental intrusions women experienced about their sense of competence. Additionally, Experiment 4 showed that gender identification protected against hostile but not benevolent sexism. Despite the apparently positive and inoffensive tone of benevolent sexism, our research emphasizes its insidious dangers.Keywords: benevolent and hostile sexism, discrimination, performance and working memory, ingroup identification, sense of competence Sexism is expressed in a variety of ways, some more subtle than others and some more hostile than others. Examples of this attitude are gender-related humor, sexist name-calling, sexual harassment, and employment discrimination. Gender discrimination, like any other type of discrimination, is less and less accepted in our modern societies, and legislation has been designed to promote gender equality. In Europe, for instance, Article 141 of the European Commission's treaty states that any job classification system that is used for determining pay must be based on the same criteria for both men and women and be so written as to exclude any sex discrimination. Nonetheless, even if obvious forms of sexism are often socially condemned, more subtle forms of sexism are not. Worse, they sometimes are promoted, as they may sound positive in tone or even seem gallant or chivalrous. Consider, for instance, a man helping a woman to carry luggage, paying for her meal at a restaurant, or complimenting her caring abilities. One might ask what is wrong with that. The problem is that people do not notice that these behaviors may be threatening. These kinds of behavior might, however, be expressions of paternalism or else might ambivalently flatter women while simultaneously implicitly suggesting their inferiority. Paternalism suggests that men should take responsibility for the welfare of women, who might not be able to carry luggage by themselves, might not earn enough money to pay at the restaurant, and should be remembered for their qualities (warmth) rather than their weak points (competence). In this article, we propose that paternalism as well as the other aspects of benevolent sexism, by suggesting women's lack of ability, are devastating to women's performance. Sexism Versus PatronizingHostile and benevolent sexism often go hand in hand and result in ambivalent attitudes toward women (Glick & Fiske, 1996. Hostile sexism is an obviously antagonistic attitude toward women, who are often viewed as t...

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Effects of exposure to sexist humor on perceptions of normative tolerance of sexism

Cited by 108 publications

References 52 publications

Sexist humor and social identity: the role of sexist humor in men’s in-group cohesion, sexual harassment, rape proclivity, and victim blame

Sexist humor and social identity: the role of sexist humor in men’s in-group cohesion, sexual harassment, rape proclivity, and victim blame

Is it something I said? Sense of humor and partner embarrassment

Insidious dangers of benevolent sexism: Consequences for women's performance.

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