Effects of exposure to photons of various energies on transmission of germanosilicate optical fiber in the visible to near IR spectral range

Anoikin, E.V.; Mashinsky, Valery M.; Neustruev, V. B.; Sidorin, Yakov

doi:10.1016/0022-3093(94)90702-1

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The co-doping with Ge may induce Ge(1) centers contributing to the RIA of the tested wavelength [14] ; however, the induced absorption band of Ge(1) was unmeasurable at 1 310 nm in the present lowdose (100 Gy) experiment [15] . Several causative UV absorption centers may exist, forming the so-called UVabsorption tail.…”

Section: Fig 5 Ria Temperature-dependence After Accelerated Annealicontrasting

confidence: 57%

Temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation of optical f ibers

Song¹,

Guo²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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We investigate the temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) at 1 310 nm for a Ge/P co-doped fiber after a steady-state γ-ray irradiation. A γ irradiation facility 60 Co source is used to irradiate the fiber at a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/min, satisfying a total dose of 100 Gy. The test temperature ranges from -40 to 60• C by 20• C, and the RIA of the fiber is obtained using a power measuring device. The experimental result demonstrates that RIA exhibits a steady, monotonic, and remarkable temperature dependence after approximately 48 h of accelerated annealing at 70• C. The optical fiber irradiated with a high dose and annealed sufficiently can be used as a temperature sensor.OCIS The recent advancements in photonic technologies have provided new applications for optical fibers involving radiation environment, such as fibre optic gyroscope (FOG) [1,2] and fiber optics amplifiers [3,4] in space. The presence of highly energetic radiation in this environment, however, may induce additional optical attenuation greatly. Radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) is primarily caused by the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the fiber, i.e., formation of color centers [5,6] . In addition, a number of studies have indicated that the RIA of an optical fiber is sensitive to temperature [7,8] . Various studies have demonstrated that RIA decreases with increasing temperature, with the exception of fibers containing phosphorus (P) [9] . This phenomenon is mainly because of thermal annealing of color centers, which eliminates more of the damage at an elevated temperature [10] . For a P-doped fiber, researchers have considered this exception by transforming the phosphorus oxygen hole center (POHC) into the P1 center [11,12] . In this letter, the temperature behavior of the RIA of a Ge/P co-doped fiber after steady-state γ-ray irradiation and a series of annealing treatments was tested to demonstrate the temperature dependence of color center absorption. Our tests only considered the temperature, avoiding the influence of other factors, such as radiation dose and dose rate.Only one type of fiber was studied in our experiments, Ge/P co-doped both in core and cladding. The cladding and coating diameters of this fiber were 80 and 165 µm. This 300-m-long fiber was produced with a loss constant of 0.8 dB/km at 1 310 nm.Our experiments involved three steps. First, the temperature behavior of the fiber loss was tested in two temperature cycles before irradiation to compare the RIA temperature effect. Second, the tested fiber was subjected to radiation to satisfy a total dose of 100 Gy, and then set aside for approximately 4 d at room temperature for primary annealing. Two temperature cycling tests were conducted for the RIA temperature characteristic testing, in which the test condition was the same as the initial conditions. Finally, the fiber underwent an accelerated annealing process at 70• C, which was 10• C higher than the maximal test temperature, until the attenuation variation was less than ...

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Section: Fig 5 Ria Temperature-dependence After Accelerated Annealicontrasting

confidence: 57%

Temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation of optical f ibers

Song¹,

Guo²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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“…Section 2.2.1). However, Anoikin et al [54] did not record their spectra to energies higher than 3.2 eV, so further research will be needed to find out what happens to the 5.8 eV band (associated with Ge(2); see Figure 2) in irradiated polymer-clad fibers subsequently exposed to the atmosphere for extended periods of time.…”

Section: What Are the Defects Responsible For The Radiationinduced Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nomenclature "GeX" was introduced by Anoikin and his coworkers [54] to express its unknown place in the Pantheon of Ge-doped-silica-glass defects. However, there was one clue.…”

Section: What Are the Defects Responsible For The Radiationinduced Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Minireview of the Natures of Radiation-Induced Point Defects in Pure and Doped Silica Glasses and Their Visible/Near-IR Absorption Bands, with Emphasis on Self-Trapped Holes and How They Can Be Controlled

Griscom¹

2013

Physics Research International

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The natures of most radiation-induced point defects in amorphous silicon dioxide (a-SiO 2 ) are well known on the basis of 56 years of electron spin resonance (ESR) and optical studies of pure and doped silica glass in bulk, thin-film, and fiber-optic forms. Many of the radiation-induced defects intrinsic to pure and B-, Al-, Ge-, and P-doped silicas are at least briefly described here and references are provided to allow the reader to learn still more about these, as well as some of those defects not mentioned. The metastable self-trapped holes (STHs), intrinsic to both doped and undoped silicas, are argued here to be responsible for most transient red/near-IR optical absorption bands induced in low-OH silica-based optical fibers by ionizing radiations at ambient temperatures. However, accelerated testing of a-SiO 2 -based optical devices slated for space applications must take into account the highly supralinear dependence on ionizing-dose-rate of the initial STH creation rate, which if not recognized would lead to false negatives. Fortunately, however, it is possible to permanently reduce the numbers of environmentally or operationally created STHs by long-term preirradiation at relatively low dose rates. Finally, emphasis is placed on the importance and utility of rigorously derived fractal-kinetic formalisms that facilitate reliable extrapolation of radiation-induced optical attenuations in silica-based photonics recorded as functions of dose rate backward into time domains unreachable in practical laboratory times and forward into dose-rate regimes for which there are no present-day laboratory sources.

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“…However, these defects with their absorption band at 6.2 eV (280 nm) negligibly contribute to induced losses in our studied range of wavelengths. Several authors showed that the absorption bands related to GeX (2.61 eV, 475 nm), Ge(1) (4.41 eV, 280 nm) and Ge-NBOHC (1.97 eV, 630 nm) can be used to correctly fit the RIA spectral curve after c-rays [6,7]. We recently showed [8] that these three defects also allow to correctly fit the c-ray and 14 MeV neutron RIA curves of our Ge-MMF fiber.…”

Section: Origin Of the Ria In The P-free Multimode Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%