Effects of Exposure to Metal Fumes on the Reproductive Health of Male Welders

Abstract

Introduction:Welding fumes are made up of a variety of metal oxides, fumes, and gases, and many of these metals have been linked to diverse fertility issues. Aim of Work: To determine the blood levels of metals among welders and to investigate their impact on male reproductive health. Materials and Methods: The study included 142 male employees in a stainless steel manufacturing facility, wherein 71 welding workers serve as a vulnerable group and 71 administrative persons served as the control group. All participants underwent a thorough medical history, a detailed reproductive questionnaire, including an erectile function test using the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5), and a full clinical examination. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine blood lead (Pb), serum aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) levels. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The exposed group had a lower IIEF-5 score, lower libido, and a higher blood Al, Pb, and Mn compared to the control group. Welders had higher levels of reproductive hormones (FSH and LH) and lower levels of testosterone and antioxidant enzyme SOD compared to controls. A positive correlation was detected between the level of Al, Pb, Mn, FSH, LH, age, and duration of employment among the exposed group, but a negative correlation between Al, Pb, Mn, testosterone, SOD levels, and IIEF-5. Conclusion and Recommendations: Welders' metal levels affect reproductive hormones and lead to oxidative stress alterations, both of which could impair male reproductive health. To reduce exposure to welding fumes, it is strongly advised to regularly wear high-quality personal protective equipment, particularly masks and gloves.