Effects of Experienced Disgust on Habituation During Repeated Exposure to Threat-Relevant Stimuli in Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia

Olatunji, Bunmi O.; Ciesielski, Bethany G.; Wolitzky-Taylor, Kate; Wentworth, Brian J.; Viar, Megan A.

doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.04.002

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that disgust responses can be reduced through exposure (e.g., Smits et al, 2002; Olatunji et al, 2012; Viar-Paxton and Olatunji, 2012), which was also observed in this study. However, this (within-session) reduction is context dependent (Viar-Paxton and Olatunji, 2012) and remarkably smaller compared to reductions in fear responses through exposure (Smits et al, 2002; Olatunji et al, 2012). Moreover, subjective and neuronal disgust responses remain relatively stable between sessions, indicating little between-session reduction of disgust responding (Stark et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Learning to like disgust: neuronal correlates of counterconditioning

Schweckendiek¹,

Klucken²,

Merz³

et al. 2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Converging lines of research suggest that exaggerated disgust responses play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of certain anxiety disorders. One strategy that might effectively alter disgust responses is counterconditioning. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine if the neuronal bases of disgust responses are altered through a counterconditioning procedure. One disgust picture (conditioned stimulus: CS+disg) announced a monetary reward, while a second disgust picture (CS-disg) was never paired with the reward. Two neutral control pictures (CS+con/CS-con) were conditioned in the same manner. Analyses of evaluative conditioning showed that both CS+ were rated significantly more positive after conditioning as compared to the corresponding CS−. Thereby, the CS+disg and the CS+con received an equal increase in valence ratings. Regarding the fMRI data, ANOVA results showed main effects of the conditioning procedure (i.e., CS+ vs. CS−) in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Further, main effects of the picture category (disgust vs. control) were found in the bilateral insula and the orbitofrontal cortex. No interaction effects were detected. In conclusion, the results imply that learning and anticipation of reward was not significantly influenced by the disgust content of the CS pictures. This suggests that the affect induced by the disgust pictures and the affect created by the anticipation of reward may not influence the processing of each other.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Learning to like disgust: neuronal correlates of counterconditioning

Schweckendiek¹,

Klucken²,

Merz³

et al. 2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…HLM has been used previously for evaluating change in small samples (i.e., n < 50; e.g., Olatunji, Ciesielski, Wolitzky-Taylor, Wentworth, & Viar, 2012). Analyses were conducted using HLM 7.01 (Raudenbush, Bryk, & Congdon, 2012) using full maximum likelihood estimation method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Verbal Ability and Severity of Autism on Anxiety in Adolescents With ASD: One-Year Follow-Up After Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

White

Schry

Miyazaki

et al. 2014

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

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Objective There is evidence supporting the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for treatment of anxiety in youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but long-term course of anxiety after treatment and individual predictors of treatment response are unknown. To meet the demands for personalized mental health care, information on the fit between patient and treatment as well as treatment durability is needed. Method We evaluated change in anxiety symptoms during intervention and one year after completion of the treatment, and evaluated predictors of response using an advanced analytical design, with follow-up data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 22 adolescents (12–17 yrs) with ASD and one or more anxiety disorders. Results Reduction in anxiety was partially maintained during the year following treatment; greater ASD severity predicted better treatment response. Conclusions Our finding that brief treatment is associated with sustained gains is promising, given the pervasive and chronic nature of ASD. Implications for the treatment of anxiety in higher functioning adolescents with ASD are considered.

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“…This response is peculiar to blood phobia and is not a characteristic of other specific phobias. Disgust levels in BII phobia were found to be more intense for the stimuli relative to fear levels [11]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Injury and Injection Phobia: The Neglected One

Wani

Ara

Bhat

2014

Behavioural Neurology

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Blood injury and injection (BII) phobia is a unique phobia associated with a diphasic cardiovascular response. The aim of this survey was to report the prevalence of BII phobia, its heritability, and clinical characteristics among the males and females in the Indian subcontinent. An interview and a survey were conducted using a developed BII phobia 21-item questionnaire among 3261 participant males (n = 1648) and females (n = 1613). Cronbach' alpha (α) of 0.972 of internal consistency was reported. The prevalence of BII phobia and associated fainting in females was slightly more than double in the males with a significant gender related effect. Similar avoidance behaviours involving hospital visits were reported for both males and females. The relative frequency of BII phobia among first and third degree relatives was found to be higher than among second degree relatives. Depression was found highly comorbid with BII phobia while a low rate of obsessive compulsion disorder (OCD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) was reported. Morbidity associated with BII phobia may increase dramatically when other medical problems coincide with it.

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Effects of Experienced Disgust on Habituation During Repeated Exposure to Threat-Relevant Stimuli in Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

Learning to like disgust: neuronal correlates of counterconditioning

Learning to like disgust: neuronal correlates of counterconditioning

Effects of Verbal Ability and Severity of Autism on Anxiety in Adolescents With ASD: One-Year Follow-Up After Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Blood Injury and Injection Phobia: The Neglected One

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