Effects of expansive force on the differentiation of midpalatal suture cartilage in rats

Takahashi, Ichiro; Mizoguchi, Itaru; Nakamura, Misato; Sasano, Yasuyuki; Saitoh, S.; Kagayama, Manabu; Mitani, Hideo

doi:10.1016/8756-3282(96)00012-9

Cited by 54 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The remodeling responses resulting in re-establishment of the suture structure between the expanded palatal bones appear to be different from those others have reported for palatal suture expansion in rats [12,13]. In the studies of both Takahashi et al [12] and Kobayashi et al [13], bone formed within the suture between the cartilage-covered edges of the palatine bone, so that the cartilage ended up being embedded within the bone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In the studies of both Takahashi et al [12] and Kobayashi et al [13], bone formed within the suture between the cartilage-covered edges of the palatine bone, so that the cartilage ended up being embedded within the bone. Therefore the expansion of the suture in the rat resulted in ossification of the suture and loss of the normal suture layered structure of fibrous tissue sandwiched between cartilage-covered palatal bone plates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Midpalatal suture expansion, or rapid palatal expansion, has been used clinically for more than 40 years to correct maxillary width deficiencies [11]. The underlying mechanisms that drive bone formation during this process are largely unknown, but it has been reported that tensional force applied to the midpalatal suture of rats induces the replacement of cartilaginous tissues by bone [12]. Furthermore, it has been suggested that mesenchymal cells located on the inner side of the cartilaginous tissue proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts when the suture is expanded [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical force-induced midpalatal suture remodeling in mice

Hou¹,

Fukai²,

Olsen³

2007

Bone

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Mechanical stress is an important epigenetic factor for regulating skeletal remodeling, and application of force can lead to remodeling of both bone and cartilage. Chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts all participate and interact with each other in this remodeling process. To study cellular responses to mechanical stimuli in a system that can be genetically manipulated, we used mouse midpalatal suture expansion in vivo. 6-weeks-old male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to palatal suture expansion by opening loops with an initial force of 0.56N for periods of 1, 3, 7, 14 or 28 days. Periosteal cells in expanding sutures showed increased proliferation, with Ki67 positive cells representing 1.8±0.1% to 4.5±0.4% of total suture cells in control groups and 12.0±2.6% to 19.9±1.2% in experimental/ expansion groups (p<0.05). Starting at day 1, cells expressing alkaline phosphatase and type I collagen were seen. New cartilage and bone formation was observed at the oral edges of the palatal bones at day 7; at the nasal edges only bone formation without cartilage appeared to occur. An increase in osteoclast numbers suggested increased bone remodeling, ranging from 60 to 160% throughout the experimental period. Decreased Saffranin O staining after day 3 suggested decreased proteoglycan content in the secondary cartilage. MicroCT showed a significant increase in maxillary width at days 14 and 28 (from 2334±4μm to 2485±3μm at day 14 and from 2383±5μm to 2574 ±7μm at day 28, p<0.001). The suture width was increased at days 14 and 28, except in the oral third region at day 28 (from 48±5μm to 36±4μm, p<0.05). Bone volume/total volume was significantly reduced at days 14 and 28 (50.2±0.7% vs. 68.0±3.7% and 56.5±1.0%vs. 60.9±1.3%, respectively, p<0.05), indicative of increased bone marrow space. These findings demonstrate that expansion forces across the midpalatal suture promote bone resorption through activation of osteoclasts and bone and cartilage formation via increased proliferation and differentiation of periosteal cells. Mouse midpalatal suture expansion would be useful in further studies of the ability of mineralized tissues to respond to mechanical stimulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical force-induced midpalatal suture remodeling in mice

Hou¹,

Fukai²,

Olsen³

2007

Bone

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“…The anti-rat osteocalcin antibody was a generous gift from Dr. K. Hosoda (Teijin, Tokyo, Japan). Characterization of the antibody has been described elsewhere (Eguchi et al, 1995;Takahashi et al, 1996). The primary antibodies were diluted to 1:100 for the anti-osteocalcin antibody or to 1:200 for the anticollagen types I, II, and X antibodies with 5% normal goat serum in PBS-TX (NGS-PBS-TX).…”

Section: Von Kossa Histochemistry Alcian Blue Histochemistry and Immentioning

confidence: 99%

BMPs induce endochondral ossification in rats when implanted ectopically within a carrier made of fibrous glass membrane

et al. 1997

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“…The antilaminin antibody and the anti-OC antibody were used at dilutions of 1¤:¤100 and 1¤:¤200, respectively. The specificity of this anti-OC antibody was confirmed by Western blotting [Takahashi et al, 1996]. After a thorough rinse with PBS, the sections were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-or tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-conjugated secondary antibodies (antimouse IgG for monoclonal antilaminin antibody and antirabbit IgG for polyclonal anti-OC antibody; Tago, USA) for 60 min at room temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial Rests Colocalize with Cementoblasts Forming Acellular Cementum but Not with Cementoblasts Forming Cellular Cementum

Kagayama¹,

Sasano²,

Jiang³

et al. 1998

Cells Tissues Organs

Self Cite

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Epithelial rests of Malassez and cementoblasts were examined in the rat molars during the early stages of root formation using an antilaminin antibody and/or peanut agglutinin (PNA), and an antiosteocalcin (OC) antibody, respectively. The roots of the first molars were used for study. The antilaminin antibody stained the basement membrane surrounding the epithelial root sheath and epithelial rests. The basement membrane of the epithelial root sheath was continuous, but that of the epithelial rests was discontinuous. The cells of epithelial rests and epithelial root sheath were positive for PNA. The structural characteristics of the epithelial rests were seen in the sections stained doubly with PNA and the antilaminin antibody. The cells of epithelial rests were fibroblast-like and formed a fine mesh in 2-week-old rats. In 3-week-old rats, the epithelial rests were also present at the coronal half of root surface, showing typical cell cords, but were not present at the apical part of the root surface where the cellular cementum covered the root dentin. At the root apex of 3-week-old rats, the cells of epithelial rests forming fine meshes were seen near the epithelial root sheath. The anti-OC antibody stained cementoblasts lining acellular and cellular cementum. The sections doubly stained with the anti-OC and the antilaminin antibodies or PNA further revealed the close relation between epithelial rests and cementoblasts. The OC-positive cells lining acellular cementum or dentin were localized very close to the epithelial rests. In contrast, the OC-positive cells lining cellular cementum did not show close association with the epithelial cells, except the cells located most apically where the basement membrane of the epithelial root sheath is disrupted and the initial cellular cementum begins to be formed. The present results suggest that the epithelial rests and/or the discontinuous basement membrane of them may have a role for the acellular cementum formation at least in the early stage of root formation.

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Effects of expansive force on the differentiation of midpalatal suture cartilage in rats

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

Mechanical force-induced midpalatal suture remodeling in mice

Mechanical force-induced midpalatal suture remodeling in mice

BMPs induce endochondral ossification in rats when implanted ectopically within a carrier made of fibrous glass membrane

Epithelial Rests Colocalize with Cementoblasts Forming Acellular Cementum but Not with Cementoblasts Forming Cellular Cementum

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