Effects of expander-treating a barley-based concentrate on ruminal fermentation, bacterial N synthesis, escape of dietary N, and performance of dairy cows

Prestløkken, Egil; Harstad, Odd Magne

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(01)00207-3

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…(2004) found a higher fermentation rate of diets containing the CE, which could lead as well to a greater ammonia and preformed amino acid uptake by micro‐organism for protein synthesis, decreasing the ammonia concentration in ruminal fluid (Hristov et al., 2005). Other authors (Prestløkken and Harstad, 2001; Tothi et al., 2003) have observed that heat treatments of cereals, maize or barley, constituting the basis of concentrate diets for ruminants, entails, apart from an increase in starch degradability, a decrease in the ruminal fluid ammonia concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of extruding the cereal and/or the legume protein supplement of a compound feed on in vitro ruminal nutrient digestion and nitrogen metabolism

Solanas

Castríllo

Calsamiglia

2007

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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An experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of extruding the cereal and/or the protein supplement of a compound feed for intensively reared calves on ruminal N metabolism using an in vitro culture system. A conventional compound feed was produced without extruding [treatment non-extruded (NE)], with the cereal blend extruded (CE), with the protein blend extruded (PE) and with both cereal and protein blends extruded (CPE). Four experimental diets, consisted of 0.90 of each experimental compound feed and 0.10 barley straw were assessed using dual-flow continuous-culture fermenters. (15)N infusion as ammonia sulphate was used to label the microbial population. Average NH(3) concentration in fermenter effluents ranged from 270 mg/l with diet NE to 69 mg/l for diet CPE (p < 0.05) and volatile fatty acid concentrations ranged from 161 mm in diet PE to 130 mm in diet CPE (p < 0.05). Diets PE and CPE showed a lower true organic matter degradability (49.5% and 48.2%) than NE and CE (52.8% and 52.2%). Non-ammonia nitrogen flow in effluents was highest on diet CPE, intermediate on diets CE and PE and lowest on diet NE (p < 0.01), reflecting the differences in dietary N flow and dietary protein degradability (71.2%, 63.7%, 61.2% and 50.0%, respectively, for NE, CE, PE, CPE; p < 0.001). In contrast, microbial protein synthesis efficiency was lower for treatments including the cereal blend extruded, although the resulted differences were only significant (p < 0.001) for CPE diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of extruding the cereal and/or the legume protein supplement of a compound feed on in vitro ruminal nutrient digestion and nitrogen metabolism

Solanas

Castríllo

Calsamiglia

2007

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…The diet consisted of 9 kg of DM/d of grass silage (97 g of CP, 66 g of ash, 20 g of fat, and 573 g of NDF/kg of DM) and 13 kg/d of a commercial expander-treated (110 to 120°C) concentrate mixture with barley, oats, and wheat bran as the main ingredients (193 g of CP, 70 g of ash, 68 g of fat, 281 g of NDF, and 297 g of starch/kg of DM). This ration was offered in 4 equal meals at 0600, 1200, 1800, and 2400 h. The daily intake of starch was approximately 3.5 kg, and, based on earlier results with comparable diets, approximately 560 g/d of starch reached the small intestine (Volden, 1999;Prestløkken and Harstad, 2001;Harstad et al, 2002). The study comprised 10 feedstuffs with chemical composition and treatments given in Table 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Technical Note: Assessment of Recovery Site of Mobile Nylon Bags for Measuring Ileal Digestibility of Starch in Dairy Cows

Norberg

Volden

Harstad

2007

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate recovery site of mobile nylon bags for measuring ileal digestibility of ruminally undegraded starch in dairy cows. Eight feed samples of untreated and treated concentrates were examined. Three lactating cows equipped with rumen fistula and duodenal and ileal cannulas were used in the experiment. The mobile nylon bags containing intact feeds or residues after a 12-h ruminal incubation were pretreated using a 2-step procedure to simulate abomasal digestion before insertion through the duodenal cannula. To assess the effect of hindgut fermentation on starch digestibility, approximately half of the bags were collected from the ileum and half from the feces. The results indicate that feed samples should be preincubated in rumen before insertion into duodenum, and that samples with relatively high fractions of rumen-undigestible starch should be collected from the ileum instead of from feces.

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“…Digestibility differences were not observed either when comparing dry rolled corn to steam flaked corn (Joy et al, 1997;Crocker et al, 1998) or pelleted and expanded corn (Prestløkken and Harstad, 2001). However, corn processing can reduce the digestibility of NDF and increase ruminal degradation of starch (or of NFC, NRC, 2001b).…”

Section: Ec Gc Src Referencementioning

confidence: 90%

“…The differences in fiber content among GC, SRC and EC can be attributed to partial solubilization of the fiber due to the processing temperature. Prestløkken and Harstad (2001) Berndt (2002). PC and ME content could have been influenced by the absorbent additive (17.6% PC and 3.04 Mcal kg -1 ME), which represented approximately 14% of the silage DM ensiled.…”

Section: Composition Of the Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Including Extruded, Rolled or Ground Corn in Dairy Cow Diets Based on Direct Cut Grass Silage

Alvarado-Gilis

2009

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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A study was conducted to determine the effect of corn (Zea mays L.) grain processing on intake, digestibility of nutrients and milk production and composition. The effect of extrusion on nutrient digestibility was evaluated in trial 1, using ground corn as a control. In trial 2, the effect of extrusion on intake was evaluated, comparing extruded corn of two densities (357 and 308 g L -1) with rolled corn (507 g L -1 ) as a control. In trial 3, the effects of extrusion on milk production, digestibility and intake were evaluated; using steam rolled corn and ground corn as controls. No effects on dry matter and metabolizable energy intakes due to differences in the extruded corn grains were observed. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, gross energy and neutral detergent fiber did not differ among treatments, although a greater digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrates was observed. Higher milk production was obtained in treatments including extruded and steam rolled corn (21.4 and 21.6 L d -1 ), compared to ground corn (20.5 L d -1 ) but differences disappeared when standardizing for fat content. Milk composition was not affected by treatments. Daily protein production was greater (P < 0.01) in treatments including extruded and rolled corn. Blood parameters (ß-hydroxybutyrate, urea) and milk urea remained within normal reference values. It was concluded that using extruded corn had no adverse effects on digestibility or forage and total intake with a small advantage in milk protein yield comparing with ground corn, but without clear differences compared to steam rolled corn.

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Effects of expander-treating a barley-based concentrate on ruminal fermentation, bacterial N synthesis, escape of dietary N, and performance of dairy cows

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of extruding the cereal and/or the legume protein supplement of a compound feed on in vitro ruminal nutrient digestion and nitrogen metabolism

Effect of extruding the cereal and/or the legume protein supplement of a compound feed on in vitro ruminal nutrient digestion and nitrogen metabolism

Technical Note: Assessment of Recovery Site of Mobile Nylon Bags for Measuring Ileal Digestibility of Starch in Dairy Cows

Effect of Including Extruded, Rolled or Ground Corn in Dairy Cow Diets Based on Direct Cut Grass Silage

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