Effects of Exosomal Viral Components on the Tumor Microenvironment

Li, Jing; Zhang, Yan; Luo, Bing

doi:10.3390/cancers14143552

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Exosomes are nanosized membrane vesicles that are released into the extracellular environment and contain a diverse mixture of essential biomolecules including proteins, lipids, functional RNA species and other bioactive substances that perform crucial cellular functions (16,17). Exosomes exhibit significant heterogeneity and their molecular composition varies based on the cell type and the fluidic microenvironment (18).…”

Section: Composition Formation and Release Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome as a crucial communicator between tumor microenvironment and gastric cancer (Review)

Wang,

Shu,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Int J Oncol

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Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and has relatively high morbidity and mortality rates. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that originate from a diverse array of cells and may be found throughout various bodily fluids. These vesicles are endogenous nanocarriers in their natural state with the unique ability to transport lipids, proteins, DNA and RNA. Exosomes contain DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and other bioactive components that have crucial roles in the transmission of information and regulation of cell activities in gastric cancer. This paper begins with an exploration of the composition, formation and release mechanisms of exosomes. Subsequently, the role of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment is reviewed in terms of the immune cell population, nonimmune cell population and other factors. Finally, the current status and challenges of exosome-based research on the progression, diagnosis and therapeutic methods of gastric cancer are summarized. This holistic review offers insight that may guide future research directions for exosomes and potentially pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions in the management of gastric cancer.

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Section: Composition Formation and Release Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome as a crucial communicator between tumor microenvironment and gastric cancer (Review)

Wang,

Shu,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Int J Oncol

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“…The cells in the TME directly affect the occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumors through their interactions ( 138 ). CD8+ T cells play an indispensable role in the TME, and CD8+ T cells infiltrating tumor tissues are associated with the prognosis of human malignancies ( 139 ).…”

Section: Roles Of Exosomes In the Tmementioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes: A potential tool for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer

et al. 2023

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Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, with a very poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most common treatments for ovarian cancer, with unsatisfactory results. Exosomes are a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles, which have a diameter of approximately 30–100 nm and are secreted by many different types of cells in various body fluids. Exosomes are highly stable and are effective carriers of immunotherapeutic drugs. Recent studies have shown that exosomes are involved in various cellular responses in the tumor microenvironment, influencing the development and therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer, and exhibiting dual roles in inhibiting and promoting tumor development. Exosomes also contain a variety of genes related to ovarian cancer immunotherapy that could be potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Undoubtedly, exosomes have great therapeutic potential in the field of ovarian cancer immunotherapy. However, translation of this idea to the clinic has not occurred. Therefore, it is important to understand how exosomes could be used in ovarian cancer immunotherapy to regulate tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the biomarkers of exosomes in different body fluids related to immunotherapy in ovarian cancer and the potential mechanisms by which exosomes influence immunotherapeutic response. We also discuss the prospects for clinical application of exosome-based immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.

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“…The similarities of EXOs and viral particles, especially concerning their surface characteristics (envelope vs. membrane), often allows for cooperation or competition. Viruses exploit exosomes to extend transmission range and subvert immunity [45] and a complex interaction pattern is beginning to evolve around the influence of the virus and exosome on tumor formation and progression [43,46]. A common hallmark of EXO and VEN membranes is the marked variation in the (membrane) composition compared to the source membranes with respect to both the vesicles' lipidome and proteome.…”

Section: Viral Envelopes and Exosomal Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles and Their Membranes: Exosomes vs. Virus-Related Particles

Cortes-Galvez

Dangerfield²,

Metzner³

2023

Membranes

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Cells produce nanosized lipid membrane-enclosed vesicles which play important roles in intercellular communication. Interestingly, a certain type of extracellular vesicle, termed exosomes, share physical, chemical, and biological properties with enveloped virus particles. To date, most similarities have been discovered with lentiviral particles, however, other virus species also frequently interact with exosomes. In this review, we will take a closer look at the similarities and differences between exosomes and enveloped viral particles, with a focus on events taking place at the vesicle or virus membrane. Since these structures present an area with an opportunity for interaction with target cells, this is relevant for basic biology as well as any potential research or medical applications.

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Effects of Exosomal Viral Components on the Tumor Microenvironment

Cited by 8 publications

References 132 publications

Exosome as a crucial communicator between tumor microenvironment and gastric cancer (Review)

Exosome as a crucial communicator between tumor microenvironment and gastric cancer (Review)

Exosomes: A potential tool for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer

Extracellular Vesicles and Their Membranes: Exosomes vs. Virus-Related Particles

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