Effects of exogenously applied growth regulators on shoot growth of inbred lines of Plantago major differing in relative growth rate: differential response to gibberellic acid and (2‐chloroethyl)‐trimethyl‐ammonium chloride

Abstract

The possibility of modulating shoot growth charaeteristics of seedlings of two inbred lines of Plantago major L., differing in relative growth rate (RGR), by exogenously applied 6‐benzylaminopurine (BA), α‐naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), (gibberellic acid (GA3) and (2‐chloroethyl)‐trimethyl‐ammonium chloride (CCC) was investigated. BA completely inhibited growth of the shoot at a concentration of 1 mM, while lower concentrations had no effect. NAA reduced growth of the shoot at 10 üM, while 1 mM completely inhibited growth. Addition of 10 μM GA3 or higher stimulated shoot fresh weight up to 20% and leaf area up to 30% for the slow growing inbred line (W9), but less for the fast growing line (A4). Application of 1 mM CCC, an inhibitor of gibberellin metabolism, reduced growth of both inbred lines, but to a larger extent in the fast growing seedlings. The lower shoot growth of W9 was associated with a lower specific leaf area (SLA) and a higher dry matter percentage of the shoot, as compared with A4. NAA reduced growth by reducing SLA and increasing leaf thickness, but the percentage dry matter of the leaves was unaffected. Stimulation of the shoot growth by GA3 application was associated with higher SLA and lower dry matter percentage. Application of CCC had opposite effects on SLA and dry matter percentage as compared with GA3. GA seems to be involved in the regulation of at least part of the genetic difference in RGR in Plantago major.

Morphological variation in Plantago lanceolata L.: effects of light quality and growth regulators on sun and shade populations

“…However, exogenous GA, could reverse the effect of CCC in the present experiment, indicating that any side-effects, if they occurred, were not greatly affecting the studied plant characters. Effects of similar concentrations of CCC were also completely overcome by exogenously applied GA, in Plantago major, a closely related species (Dijkstra and Kuiper, 1989). Application of GA, resulted in many large effects on plant morphology in the present study.…”

Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Harvesting Time on the Seed Quality of Four Okra Cultivars

“…Additionally, foliar application of gibberellins stimulates and synchronizes flowering and fruit set (Briant, 1974), as well as enhancing photosynthesis and growth (Yuan & Xu, 2001), or stimulating growth but not the rate of photosynthesis (Dijkstra & Kuiper, 1989).…”

Culture ofPlantagospecies as bioactive components resources: a 20-year review and recent applications

“…Hence, auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins were used to influence callogenesis, caulogenesis, rhizogenesis or growth of Plantago species in experimental cultures (Dijkstra & Kuiper, 1989;Dijkstra et al, 1990;Makowczynska & Andrzejewska-Golec, 2000. Bräutigam and Franz (1985) illustrated the utility of NT medium (Nagata & Takebe, 1971) for callus induction of embryos obtained from seeds of P. lanceolata and P. psyllium L., though MS medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) has mainly been reported with the addition of growth regulators for the in vitro culture of Plantago species (Table II).…”

“…Then, substrates used for Plantago cultures are various such as vermiculite (Smakman & Hofstra, 1982;Reekie & Bazzaz, 1992), glass beads (Van Hinsberg, 1997), sand (Rouhier & Read, 1998;Klironomos & Moutoglis, 1999;Clauss & Venable, 2000), soil (Pons, 1991a;Shem-Tov et al, 1999), sterilised soil (Fonseca et al, 1997), sandy soil (Schippers & Olff, 2000), composts (Sykes & Wilson, 1990;Van Damme, 1991;Silva & Teresa, 1992;Whitfield et al, 1997;Zheng et al, 2000), commercial soil mixture (Dijkstra & Kuiper, 1989) or substrate mixtures, i.e. sand/soil/sawdust, soil/Turface ® /sand (Fajer et al, 1991), sand/Terragreen ® (Staddon et al, 1998(Staddon et al, , 1999Hodge et al, 2000), soil/peat/perlite (McCloud & Berenbaum, 2000).…”