Effects of exhaust gas recirculation on the functional groups and oxidation characteristics of diesel particulate matter

Particle characterization and toxicity in C57BL/6 mice following instillation of five different diesel exhaust particles designed to differ in physicochemical properties

“…The largest primary particle size was found for HVO13, 23 nm, followed by 17 nm for DEP13 and 16 nm for RME13 (Table 1). Estimated SSA was overall rather similar, with the largest SSA for RME13 with 222 m 2 /g [21,23] 17 [16,19] 16 [15,17] 21 [19,23] 15 [14,16] 15 [14,15] Estimated specific surface area (SSA) The average exhaust PM mass concentration (mg/m 3 ), before dilution and particle mobility diameter (nm) with ±1 std. dev.…”

“…Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is commonly used as a NOx reduction technique, but as the reduction of oxygen concentration and temperature reduce NO x emissions, soot emissions increase [ 13 , 16 ]. Hence, the physicochemical characteristics of the emitted particles, such as content of PAH, metals and ratio of elemental and organic carbon [ 14 , 17 , 18 ], depend on engine combustion conditions. Particle size and thereby specific surface area (SSA) is a driver of pulmonary inflammation [ 19 ] and acute phase response [ 20 , 21 ] whereas certain metals and PAH, as well as ROS formation are linked to genotoxicity [ 16 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Particle characterization and toxicity in C57BL/6 mice following instillation of five different diesel exhaust particles designed to differ in physicochemical properties

“…The EC fraction was higher for DEP13 compared to HVO13 and RME13. [21,23] 17 [16,19] 16 [15,17] 21 [19,23] 15 [14,16] 15 [14,15] Estimated specific surface area (SSA) a The average exhaust PM mass concentration (mg/m 3 ), before dilution and particle mobility diameter (nm) with ± 1 std. dev.…”

“…Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is commonly used as a NOx reduction technique, but as the reduction of oxygen concentration and temperature reduce NO x emissions, soot emissions increase [13,21]. Hence, the physicochemical characteristics of the emitted particles, such as content of PAH, metals and ratio of elemental and organic carbon [14,16,17], depend on engine combustion conditions. Particle size and thereby speci c surface area (SSA) is a driver of pulmonary in ammation [18] and acute phase response [19,20] whereas certain metals and PAH, as well as ROS formation are linked to genotoxicity [21,22,23].…”

Particle characterization and toxicity in C57BL/6 mice following instillation of five different diesel exhaust particles designed to differ in physicochemical properties

“…Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is commonly used as a NOx reduction technique, but as the reduction of oxygen concentration and temperature reduce NO x emissions, soot emissions increase [13,21]. Hence, the physicochemical characteristics of the emitted particles, such as content of PAH, metals and ratio of elemental and organic carbon [14,16,17], depend on engine combustion conditions. Particle size and thereby SSA is a driver of pulmonary inflammation [18] and acute phase response [19,20] whereas certain metals and PAH, as well as ROS formation are linked to genotoxicity [21,22].…”