Effects of exercise with and without different degrees of blood flow restriction on torque and muscle activation

Loenneke, Jeremy P.; Kim, Daeyeol; Fahs, Christopher A.; Thiebaud, Robert S.; Abe, Takashi; Larson, Rebecca D.; Bemben, Debra A.

doi:10.1002/mus.24448

Cited by 152 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…This training resulted in hypertrophic and strength responses similar to traditional high-load training. Recent results have demonstrated that an individualized BFR pressure of 50% estimated arterial occlusion pressure appears to maximize electromyography amplitude and increase acute decrements in torque during and following low-load knee extension exercise [46]. Interestingly, increased restrictive pressures (60% estimated arterial occlusion) did not result in further augmentation of these responses.…”

Section: Restrictive Pressurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is important to understand that both the pressure and the width of the cuff employed during BFR operate in concert to provide the restrictive stimulus, and therefore neither should be considered as an independent indicator of the restrictive effects. Further research is needed before a comprehensive understanding is reached, though it appears that a BFR pressure equivalent to 50-80% of the pressure required to occlude arterial flow is appropriate during low-load resistance exercise [27,46].…”

Section: Restrictive Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction: An Updated Evidence-Based Approach for Enhanced Muscular Development

Scott¹,

Loenneke

Slattery³

et al. 2014

Sports Med

Self Cite

247

293

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Key Points• The blood flow restriction (BFR) stimulus should be individualized for each participant. In particular, consideration should be given to the restrictive pressure applied and cuff width used.• BFR elicits the largest increases in muscular development when combined with low-load resistance exercise, though some benefits may be seen using BFR alone during immobilization or combined with low-workload cardiovascular exercise.• For healthy individuals, training adaptations are likely maximized by combining low-load BFR resistance exercise with traditional high-load resistance exercise. 2 AbstractA growing body of evidence supports the use of moderate blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with low-load resistance exercise to enhance hypertrophic and strength responses in skeletal muscle. Research also suggests that BFR during lowworkload aerobic exercise can result in small but significant morphological and strength gains, and BFR alone may attenuate atrophy during periods of unloading.While BFR appears to be beneficial for both clinical and athletic cohorts, there is currently no common consensus amongst scientists and practitioners regarding the best practice for implementing BFR methods. If BFR is not employed appropriately, there is a risk of injury to the participant. It is also important to understand how variations in the cuff application can affect the physiological responses and subsequent adaptation to BFR training. The optimal way to manipulate acute exercise variables, such as exercise type, load, volume, inter-set rest periods and training frequency, must also be considered prior to designing a BFR training program. The purpose of this review is to provide an evidence-based approach to implementing BFR exercise. These guidelines could be useful for practitioners using BFR training in either clinical or athletic settings, or for researchers in the design of future studies investigating BFR exercise.3

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Section: Restrictive Pressurementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Restrictive Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction: An Updated Evidence-Based Approach for Enhanced Muscular Development

Scott¹,

Loenneke

Slattery³

et al. 2014

Sports Med

Self Cite

247

293

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…10 In animal models, highintensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation reduced fibrotic tissue formation 54 and atrogene levels of muscle atrophy. 55 Promising data are also available that support whole-body-vibration training to promote improved neuromuscular control 56 and blood-flow-restriction therapy to increase fiber-type recruitment, 57 satellite cell proliferation, 58 muscle activation, 59 and muscle volume.…”

Section: Clinical Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Neuromuscular Factors to Quadriceps Asymmetry After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Johnson¹,

Palmieri-Smith

Lepley

2018

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: To quantify quadriceps weakness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), researchers have often analyzed only peak torque. However, analyzing other characteristics of the waveform, such as the rate of torque development (RTD), time to peak torque (TTP), and central activation ratio (CAR), can lend insight into the underlying neuromuscular factors that regulate torque development.Objective: To determine if interlimb neuromuscular asymmetry was present in patients with ACLR at the time of clearance to return to activity.Design: Cross-sectional study. Conclusions: Interlimb asymmetries at return to activity after ACLR appeared to be regulated by several underlying neuromuscular factors. We theorize that interlimb asymmetries in isometric and isokinetic quadriceps strength were associated with changes in muscle architecture. Reduced CAR, TTP, and RTD were also present, indicating a loss of motor-unit recruitment or decrease in firing rate.

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“…This finding may be due to greater metabolic accumulation, generating additional recruitment of type II muscle fibers [47].…”

Section: Emg Peakmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to failure and neuromuscular response to intermittent isometric exercise at different levels of vascular occlusion: a randomized crossover study

Cerqueira

Pereira

Rocha

et al. 2017

Int J Appl Exerc Physiol

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ABSTRACT:Objectives: The purpose this study was to investigate the effects of different vascular occlusion levels (total occlusion (TO), partial occlusion (PO) or free flow (FF)) during intermittent isometric handgrip exercise (IIHE) on the time to failure (TF) and the recovery of the maximum voluntary isometric force (MVIF), median frequency (EMGFmed) and peak of EMG signal (EMGpeak) after task failure. Methods: Thirteen healthy men (21 ± 1.71 year) carried out an IIHE until the failure at 45% of MVIF with TO, PO or FF. Occlusion pressure was determined previously to the exercise. The MVIF, EMGFmed and EMGpeak were measured before and after exercise. Results: TF was significantly different (p < 0.05) among all investigated conditions: TO (150 ± 68s), PO (390 ± 210s) and FF (510 ± 240s). The MVIF was lower immediately after IIHE, remaining lower eleven minutes after failure in all cases (p <0.05), when compared to pre exercise. There was a greater force reduction (p <0.05) one minute after the failure in the PO (-45.8%) and FF (-39.9%) conditions, when compared to TO (-28.1%). Only the PO condition induced lower MVIF (p <0.05) than in the TO, eleven minutes after the task failure. PO induced a greater reduction in EMGFmed compared TO and greater increase in EMGpeak, when compared to TO and FF (p <0.05). Conclusions: TO during IIHE lead to a lower time to failure, but a faster MVIF recovery, while the PO seems to be associated to a slower neuromuscular recovery, when compared to other conditions.

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Effects of exercise with and without different degrees of blood flow restriction on torque and muscle activation

Abstract: Different levels of BFR may alter the acute muscular response to a degree, although higher pressures do not appear to augment these changes.

Cited by 152 publications

References 33 publications

Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction: An Updated Evidence-Based Approach for Enhanced Muscular Development

Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction: An Updated Evidence-Based Approach for Enhanced Muscular Development

Contribution of Neuromuscular Factors to Quadriceps Asymmetry After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Time to failure and neuromuscular response to intermittent isometric exercise at different levels of vascular occlusion: a randomized crossover study

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