Effects of exercise training on heart rate recovery in patients with chronic heart failure

Efeitos da idade e da aptidão aeróbica na recuperação da frequência cardíaca em homens adultos

“…There are reports in the literature that middle-aged and elderly individuals have delayed HR recovery after exercise test, when compared to young individuals 19,20 and that HRR measures are directly related to the level of aerobic fitness 21,22 . Furthermore, healthy trained individuals have a faster post-exercise HRR than sedentary controls 20,23,24 .…”

Post-exercise heart rate recovery in individuals with spinal cord injury

“…HRR curves were then derived by dividing HRR into two elements: a normalized recovery curve that characterizes how quickly peak heart rate (HR peak ) recovers to a posttest resting rate, and an amplitude scaling term defined by the difference between HR peak and post-exercise HRrest as described previously. 12,13 This is illustrated in Figure 1. To compare the shape of the normalized recovery curves, we standardized HRR to a uniform range of 1.0 at peak heart rate and to 0 at 8 min into recovery (HRR 8 ).…”

“…Some investigators have theorized that the transition processes from sympathetic control of heart rate at peak exercise to vagally mediated heart rate at rest are reflected in the shape of the HRR curve, providing additional insight into autonomic balance. [12][13][14] It is also well known that SCI individuals have a reduced heart rate reserve (the difference between peak and resting heart rates), particularly among tetraplegic subjects whose loss of sympathetic motor function limits the ability to increase the heart rate. Among ambulatory subjects, heart rate reserve has been suggested to have a significant effect on HRR, the shape of the HRR curve and its association with outcomes.…”

“…Among ambulatory subjects, heart rate reserve has been suggested to have a significant effect on HRR, the shape of the HRR curve and its association with outcomes. [12][13][14][15] In this study, we used a more population-specific method in which HRR was normalized for heart rate reserve, [12][13][14] and compared the shape of the HRR curves between subjects with tetraplegia and paraplegia with those of an age-matched group of ambulatory subjects. Our objectives were (1) to characterize HRR in SCI individuals relative to ambulatory subjects; (2) to determine the association between HRR and level and completeness of injury in persons with SCI and (3) to assess the clinical and exercise test determinants of HRR in persons with SCI.…”

“…The extent to which HRR is related to the peak heart rate achieved has been debated. Recent work among ambulatory subjects from our laboratory [12][13][14] and others 15 suggests that both the rapidity of HRR and the heightened mortality associated with impaired HRR are largely attributable to heart rate reserve. This contrasts the widely held belief that HRR is principally a function of vagal reactivation, and is independent of exercise capacity or peak heart rate achieved.…”