Effects of exercise training on bone mineral density in frail older women and men: a randomised controlled trial

Villareal, Dennis T.; Steger-May, Karen; Schechtman, Ken; Yarasheski, Kevin E.; Brown, Marybeth; Sinacore, David R.; Binder, Ellen F.

doi:10.1093/ageing/afh044

Cited by 39 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Interestingly, some evidence suggests that older men experience greater muscle disruption following eccentric exercise than young men, which may be due in part to the smaller muscle mass [262]. Although older individuals have reduced protein synthesis as compared with younger adults during the resting state, muscle protein synthesis capacity stimulated by exercise is preserved in old age [46,48,263]. More specifically, resistance exercise increases the synthesis rate of major contractile proteins, MHC, actin, and mixed muscle proteins [46] and shifts the expression of MHC isoforms from MHC IIb to MHC IIa [229].…”

Section: Exercise and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

2015

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Aging is often accompanied by declines in physical functioning which impedes older adults' quality of life, sense of independence, and ability to perform daily tasks. Age-related decreases in skeletal muscle quantity, termed sarcopenia, have traditionally been blamed for these physical decrements. However, recent evidence suggests that the quality of muscle tissue may be more functionally relevant than its quantity. 'Muscle quality' has been emerging as a means to elucidate and describe the intricate intramuscular changes associated with muscle performance in the context of aging and sarcopenia. While muscle quality has most commonly been defined in terms of muscle composition or relative strength, at the core, muscle quality really describes muscle's ability to function. Skeletal muscle displays a strong structure-function relationship by which several architectural characteristics factor into its functional capacity. This review describes the structural, physiological, and functional determinants of muscle quality at the tissue and cellular level, while also introducing other novel parameters such as sarcomere spacing and integrity, circulating biomarkers, and the muscle quality index. Muscle qualitative features are described from the perspective of how physical exercise may improve muscle quality in older adults. This broad, multidimensional perspective of muscle quality in the context of aging and sarcopenia offers comprehensive insights for consideration and integration in developing improved prognostic tools for research and clinical care, while also promoting translational approaches to the design of novel targeted intervention strategies designed to maintain function and mobility into late life.

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Section: Exercise and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

2015

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“…Subjects underwent a comprehensive medical evaluation, including medical history and physical examination, standard biochemistry tests, and electrocardiography. The presence of chronic health conditions common in older subjects, including arthritis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and chronic lung disease, 15,16 was determined. All subjects were sedentary (ie, did not participate in regular exercise more than twice a week) and had a stable body weight (±2 kg) over the past year.…”

Section: He Number Of Obese Oldermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Weight Loss and Exercise on Frailty in Obese Older Adults

Villareal¹,

Banks²,

Sinacore³

et al. 2006

Arch Intern Med

255

211

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Background: Obesity exacerbates the age-related decline in physical function and causes frailty in older persons. However, appropriate treatment for obese older persons is unknown. We evaluated the effects of weight loss and exercise therapy on physical function and body composition in obese older persons. Methods:We screened 40 obese older volunteers and eventually randomized 27 frail obese older volunteers to treatment or control groups. Treatment consisted of 6 months of weekly behavioral therapy for weight loss in conjunction with exercise training 3 times per week. Physical function was evaluated with measurements of frailty (Physical Performance Test, peak oxygen consumption, and Functional Status Questionnaire); strength, gait, and balance tests; body composition with dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry; and quality of life using the Medical Outcomes Survey 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. Results are reported as mean ± SD.Results: Two subjects in the treatment group did not comply with the intervention, and 1 subject in the control group withdrew. Analyses included all 27 subjects originally randomized to the treatment and control groups. The treatment group lost 8.4% ± 5.6% of body weight, whereas weight did not change in the control group (ϩ0.5% ± 2.8%; PϽ.001). Compared with the control group, fat mass decreased (−6.6 ± 3.4 vs ϩ1.7 ± 4.1 kg; PϽ.001), without a change in fat-free mass (−1.2±2.1 vs −1.0±3.5 kg; P =.75) in the treatment group. The Physical Performance Test score (2.6±2.5 vs 0.1±1.0; P=.001), peak oxygen consumption (1.7±1.6 vs 0.3±1.1 mL/min per kilogram; P =.02), and Functional Status Questionnaire score (2.9±3.7 vs −0.2±3.9; P =.02) improved in treated subjects compared with control subjects. Treatment also improved strength, walking speed, obstacle course, 1-leg limb stance time, and health survey physical subscale scores (all PϽ.05). Conclusion:These findings suggest that weight loss and exercise can ameliorate frailty in obese older adults.

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“…Because of ovarian decline most women show an accelerated bone loss during early menopause sedentary women [15,16]. So far, HRT has been used as a major preventive strategy, however, efficacy and safety of postmenopausal HRT is currently under debate [17][18][19][20][21]. Most previous intervention studies have been performed on postmenopausal women and have suggested that regular exercise or physical activity might increase bone mass [5,6,8,10,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise therapy on bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women: a controlled trial

Deng

2009

Front. Med. China

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The purpose of this article is to determine the effect of a well-designed combined aerobic, resistance, and extension exercise program on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. The population comprised 45 postmenopausal women, who exercised over 12 months (exercise group), and 36 women who served as a non-training control group. BMD of the hip, and lumbar spine was measured at the baseline and 12th month. Repeated measurement analysis of variance and nonparametric test were utilized to compare differences between the exercise group and controls. Thirty-six out of 45 persons in the exercise group and 36 controls completed the study. Average compliance was 82.2% for the whole exercise group at the 12th month. All the subjects had decreased BMD, but the rate of bone loss was lower in the exercise group than in the control group at the L4 and hip. Although the exercise program in this study may probably reduce the rate of bone loss in weight-bearing skeletal sites, we do not suggest the exercise by itself be viewed as prevention or treatment for osteoporosis. Further, the exact dose-response relationship of exercise and bone mass in early postmenopause is not clear.

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Effects of exercise training on bone mineral density in frail older women and men: a randomised controlled trial

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

Effect of Weight Loss and Exercise on Frailty in Obese Older Adults

Effects of exercise therapy on bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women: a controlled trial

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